Glutathione exfoliated MoS2 nanomaterials for Fluorescence imaging, Drug delivery and its Paramagnetic properties

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研究生：	Adhisankar Vadivelmurugan Adhisankar Vadivelmurugan
論文名稱：	Glutathione exfoliated MoS2 nanomaterials for Fluorescence imaging, Drug delivery and its Paramagnetic properties Glutathione exfoliated MoS2 nanomaterials for Fluorescence imaging, Drug delivery and its Paramagnetic properties
指導教授：	蔡協致 Hsieh-Chih Tsai
口試委員:	李榮和 Rong-Ho Lee 陳奕君 Yi-Chun Chen 何明樺 Ming-Hua Ho 陳建光 Jem-Kun Chen 蔡協致 Hsieh-Chih Tsai
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	應用科技學院 - 應用科技研究所 Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology
論文出版年：	2019
畢業學年度：	108
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	103
中文關鍵詞：	MoS2 、Quantum dots 、Drug carriers 、Paramagnetic properties
外文關鍵詞：	MoS2, Quantum dots, Drug carriers, Paramagnetic properties
相關次數：	點閱：207 下載：0
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二硫化鉬（MoS2）是一種傳統的層狀二維過渡金屬二硫屬元素化物( TMD- Transition metal dicholcogenide), 在最近幾年獲得了極大的關注。當二硫化鉬剝離成單層結構會存在明顯半導體能隙1.8 eV，不同與導電的石墨烯，因此衍生了其在科學及工程領域上之實用性。在所有TMD中，MoS2由於其獨特的光電，催化，半導體，能量收集和生物學特性（包括螢光影像，MRI影像，藥物及基因傳遞等）而具有特殊應用潛力。
本論文包含三個獨立的研究：第一個部分是各種含硫配體做為螢光MoS2量子點表面改植及製備及其螢光成像探討，在此研究中，我們使用簡單且環保的水熱法合成了MoS2量子點（Quantum dots）和各種配體，包括L-穀胱甘肽 (Glutathione)，巰基琥珀酸（Mercaptosuccinic acid），半胱胺（Cysteamine）和一硫代甘油（Monothioglycerol）。其中，由於GSH-MoS2 QD尺寸較小，螢光強度高，生物相容性好可作為細胞顯影上使用。
第二個部分利用雙親媒性高分子F127自組裝MoS2形成奈米複合材料，並利用其作還原響應抗癌藥物載體之傳遞系統。我們利用胱胺-穀胱甘肽修飾於MoS2系統裡並以雙親媒性F127（PF127）的自組裝成藥物載體，此藥物載體可在細胞質之還原條件(GSH)下觸發藥物之釋放。在體外模擬還原環境中72小時後，載有藥物的PF127-CYS-GSH MoS2奈米複合材料能有效釋放了52％的藥物含量。此外，當藥物載體與6小時Hela細胞共培養，螢光顯微鏡可觀察到藥物從奈米複合材料中緩慢釋放出來，並且可以累積於HeLa細胞之細胞核內。
第三部分中我們同樣利用穀胱甘肽（GSH）在超音波探針超協助處理下剝離MoS2，並形成MoS2-GSH納米粒子。接著藉由靜電相互作用將尾端但正電具胺基的聚乙二醇（MoS2-GSH-AEPEG）改植於MoS2-GSH表面，並進一步表面含聚乙二醇及未改植的奈米粒子與Mn2+離子螯合。最後，使用超導量子儀器計算了MoS2-GSH-Mn和MoS2-GSH-AEPEG-Mn樣品之順磁性能。具胺基PEG修飾的MoS2的磁滯迴線比MoS2-GSH-Mn高，且其數值分別為17.5和15 emug-1，此證明當MoS2表面有高分子親水層修飾下可以顯著增強了順磁性。

MoS2 is a traditional layered 2D transition metal dichalcogenide. It is a remarkable transition metal chalcogenide with a distinct direct band gap of 1.8 eV as it is exfoliated into monolayers. Among familiar TMDs, MoS2 has obtained extraordinary significance due to its unique optoelectronic, catalytic, semiconducting, energy harvesting, and biological properties which include fluorescent imaging, MRI imaging, drug delivery, gene delivery.
This thesis is established on the three separate research parts: The first project concern with preparation of fluorescent MoS2 quantum dots conjugated with various ligands, and its fluorescence imaging. In this study simple and ecofriendly hydrothermal method has been used to synthesize MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) with various ligands, L-glutathione (GSH), mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA), cysteamine (CYS), and monothioglycerol (MTG). Among them, GSH-MoS2 QDs demonstrated as an efficient fluorescence probe due to its smaller size, high fluorescence intensity, and good bio-compatibility.
The second project discussed that pluronic F127 self-assembled MoS2 nanocomposites as an effective glutathione responsive anticancer drug delivery system. Here in, bio-responsive polymeric MoS2 nanocomposites were prepared for use as a drug carrier for cancer therapy. Herein, we report the synthesis and demonstrate the self-assembly of pluronic-F127 (PF127) on a cystamine-glutathione-MoS2 system, which can be used for GSH-triggered drug release under biological reducing conditions. The morphology of the nanocomposite tended to change, ultimately leading to drug release. The drug-loaded PF127-CYS-GSH MoS2 polymeric nanocomposites efficiently released 52% of their drug content after 72 h of incubation in a GSH reduction environment. Furthermore, after 6 h of incubation, with Hela cells in florescence microscope, the drug was slowly released from the nanocomposite and could enter the nucleus as confirmed by fluorescence imaging of HeLa cells.
The third project approach with, bulk MoS2 was exfoliated by glutathione (GSH) with probe sonication to form MoS2-GSH nanoparticles. Then, MoS2-GSH was coated with amine-terminated polyethylene glycol (MoS2-GSH-AEPEG) through electrostatic interactions, and both the coated and uncoated nanoparticles were chelated with Mn. Finally, the paramagnetic properties of the MoS2-GSH-Mn and MoS2-GSH-AEPEG-Mn samples were calculated using a superconducting quantum interference device. The amino PEG-modified MoS2 exhibited higher magnetic hysteresis loops than MoS2-GSH-Mn, i.e., 17.5 and 15 emug-1respectively, owing to the AEPEG-coated surface of MoS2 significantly enhancing the magnetic properties.

中文摘要.......................................................................................................................................i
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………………iii Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………. ...v
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………………...…... x
List of tables…………………………………………………………………………………xii
List of schemes……………………………………………………………………………...xiii
List of abbreviations……………………………………………………………………...... xiv
Introduction………………………………………………………………………………....1
1. General introduction about Molybdenum Disulphide (MoS2). …………………...1
2 Exfoliation methods of MoS2………………………………………………….…...2
2.1. Top-down synthesis……………………………………………………………...2
2.2. Mechanical exfoliation…………………………………………………………..3
2.3. Liquid exfoliation……….……………………………………………………... .3
2.4. Bottom-up synthesis………………………………………………………….….4
2.5. Colloidal Synthesis………………………………………………………………4
3. MoS2 QDs Synthesis…………………………………………………………… ...5
4.  Surface modification of MoS2………………………………………………. …...5
5. Applications of 2D MoS2………………………………………………...…….….6
.5.1. Targeted Photo therapy……………………………………………………....6
5.2. Biocompatibility………………………………………………………………7
5.3. Stimuli responsive Drug delivery systems……………………………………8
5.4 Reduction-sensitive drug delivery system………………………………….….8

5.4. Glutathione reduction sensitive drug delivery system………………………..9
5.5. Fluorescent imaging ………………………………………………………….9
6.   Magnetic properties…………………………………………………………......10
Research Objectives…………………………………………………………………….….11
Preparation of fluorescent MoS2 quantum dots conjugated with various ligands, and its fluorescence imaging…….………………………………………………………..................12
.1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………....12
.2. Experimental section……………………………………………………………......13
2.1. Materials………………………………………………………………………13
2.2. Synthesis of MoS2 QDs with various ligands…………………………...…....13
2.3. Characterization…………………………………………….…………………13
2.4. Internalization……………………………………………………………...….13
2.5. Cytotoxicity Test (WST) assay…………………………………………….....14
.3. Results and discussion…………………………………………………………...….15
3.1. Structures of four ligands……………………………………………………..15
3.2. Confirmation of functionalization. …………………………………………...16
3.3. Size and zeta and morphology and florescence properties of prepared different
ligand modified MoS2 QDs………………………………………………………...18
3.4. Aggregation induced fluorescence quenching and Florescence imaging of
GSH MoS2 QD...........................................................................................................21
4. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………....23
Chapter.4. Pluronic F127 self-assembled MoS2 nanocomposites as an effective glutathione responsive anticancer drug delivery system………………………………………………...24
1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………….24
2. Experimental section………………………………………………………………...27
2.1. Materials……………………………………………………………………….27
2.2. Characterization of MoS2–GSH–CYS–PF127 and DOX-loaded MoS2–GSH–
CYS-PF127………………………………………………………….………………...28
2.3. Preparation of MoS2–GSH nanoparticles………………………………….….29
2.4. Preparation of MoS2–GSH–CYS–PF127 nanocomposite…………………….29
2.5. Drug loading…………………………………………………………………...30
2.6. Drug release experiment in a reduction-sensitive environment……………….31
2.7.GSH-responsiveness of DOX-loaded MoS2–GSH–CYS–PF127
Nanocomposites…………………………………………………………….….........31
2.8. MTT assay………………………………………………………………….….32
3. Results and discussion…………………………………………………………….…...33
3.1. Particle size and zeta potential……………………………………………. …...33
3.2 UV-visible spectroscopy………………………………………………………...34
3.3. Transmission electron spectroscopy (TEM)……………………………….…....37
3.4. Determination of drug loading of MoS2-GSH-CYS–PF127 nanocomposites….38
3.5. UV-visible spectroscopy, particle size, zeta potential, GSH reduction sensitivity
and cumulative drug release studies of DOX-loaded MoS2-GSH-CYSPF127……......39
3.6. In vitro cytotoxicity of MoS2-GSH-CYS-PF127, free DOX, and DOX-loaded
MoS2-GSH-CYS-PF127 nanocomposites……………………………………………..42
3.8. Cellular uptake and intracellular release of DOX-loaded MoS2-GSH-CYS–
PF127 nanocomposites……………………………………….………………….…….45
4. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….49
Paramagnetic properties of manganese chelated on glutathione-exfoliated MoS2……….50
1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………….….50
2. Experimental Section…………………………………………………………...…....53
2.1. Materials…………………………………………………….………………....53
2.2. Synthesis of MoS2-GSH nanoparticles……………………………….…….…54
2.3. Preparation of MoS2-GSH-Mn and MoS2-GSH–AEPEG-Mn. ………………54
2.4. Characterization of MoS2-GSH-Mn and MoS2-GSH-AEPEG-Mn. …………54
3. Results and discussion……………………………………………………………….55
3.1. Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy……………………………………….……55
3.2. Raman spectroscopy comparison of MoS2-GSH, MoS2-GSH-Mn, and MoS2-
GSH- AEPEG-Mn…………………………………………………………………….56
3.3. Particle size and zeta potential………………………………………………....58
3.4. Morphology of Nanoparticle analysis by TEM……………………………......59
3.5. UV-Visible properties of prepared MoS2 nanomaterials………………………60
3.6. Fluorescence properties of prepared MoS2 nanomaterials………………...…...62
3.7. Paramagnetic properties of MoS2-GSH-Mn and MoS2-GSH-AEPEG-Mn…... 63
4. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………….…. .65
References …………………………………………………………………………………...66
Appendix. A.………………………………………………………………………………...88
Appendix. B.…………………………………………………………………........................89


                                

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