蟻窩樹(Myrmecodia pendans)為一新發現有潛力之醫藥植物。眾所周知，此植物之水萃取液可治療多種疾病。據信其所含之植物化學物質(phytochemicals)為此植物具有健康效益之原因。然而，對此植物所含生物活性物質之知識十分有限；是以本研究之目的在於在最佳條件下得到蟻窩樹之萃取液，分離此萃取液並鑑定其中所含之生物活性物質。
本研究利用100牵C水為萃取溶劑，再以DPPH評估萃取液之自由基清除活性以及萃取液對子宮頸癌細胞(HeLa)及乳癌細胞(MDA-MB-231)之毒性。結果顯示30分鐘之水萃取液具有最高活性，接著利用己烷、乙酸乙酯、丁醇及水將此萃取液做分級(fractionation)。對每一級分(fraction)量測其自由基清除活性、總酚含量、細胞毒活性及紫外線吸收，結果發現丁醇級分具有最高癌細胞抑制活性、最高總酚含量及最高DPPH活性。
丁醇級分中生物活性物質之鑑定則是利用高效液相層析(HPLC)配合電噴霧質譜(ESI-MS)在負離子模式(negative ion mode)下為之。結果在蟻窩樹中共辨識出48種抗氧化物質， 其中大多數不曾在相關蟻窩樹文獻中被報導過。本研究證實蟻窩樹為一很好的抗氧化物來源。

Sarang semut or ant-nest plant (Myrmecodia pendans) is a new potential medicinal plant. This water extract of this plant has been well-known for curing many kinds of diseases. Phytochemicals present in this plant are suspected as the reason of its health benefits. Nevertheless, detailed information on these bioactive compounds is very limited. Thus, this study was to determine optimum extraction time, explore bioactivity as well as separate and identify bioactive compounds of this plant.
Extraction was done using water at 100牵C then its bioactivity of extracts were evaluated using DPPH for radical scavenging activity also cytotoxicity towards cervix cancer cells (HeLa) and breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). The highest activity was shown by 30 minutes water extracts, then it was fractionated using hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water. Each solvent fractions were also evaluated for its radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content (TPC), cytotoxicity activity, and UV absorbance analysis.
Butanol fraction possessed the highest cancer cell inhibition activity as well as the highest TPC and DPPH activities. Identification of bioactive compounds was performed with high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometric (ESI-MS) detection in negative ion mode. In this present work, 48 antioxidant compounds are tentatively identified, most of them are reported herein in Myrmecodia pendans for the first time. These results indicate that Sarang semut is a good source of antioxidant compounds.

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