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研究生: 李權恆
Chung-Heng Lee
論文名稱: 運用於需量反應之家庭能源管理策略研究
Study on Home Energy Management Strategy for Demand Response Application
指導教授: 吳瑞南
Ruay-Nan Wu
張建國
Chien-Kuo Chang
口試委員: 張宏展
Hong-Chan Chang
謝宗煌
Tsung-Huang Hsieh
楊念哲
Nien-Che Yang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電資學院 - 電機工程系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2019
畢業學年度: 107
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 111
中文關鍵詞: 卸載策略用戶群代表黃金分割法需量競價家庭能源管理系統
外文關鍵詞: Load Shedding Strategy, Aggregator, Golden Section Search, Demand Bidding, Home Energy Management System (HEMS)
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  • 傳統電力系統供應模式,僅依靠電業單方面供應電力給予用戶,然而經濟的發展與科技的進步,使得用電的需求水漲船高,面臨溫室氣體與非核家園的困境,需減少化石燃料的使用,取而代之的是必須增強負載管理策略。電業主要以高用電量用戶實行需量反應策略,卻低估了佔用電尖峰51%之低用電量用戶群聚效應的潛在能力,因此聯合型低壓用戶需量反應是未來能源管理策略關鍵之一。
    本文以實驗室做為單一用戶的雛形,該用戶可計算每日最大可卸載量,同時以實際的能源管理系統對智慧型設備執行該策略,智慧型設備包含智慧電表、12個智慧插座以及5kW、3kWh儲能系統。配合我國電業負載管理措施,以智慧型電表收集用戶整日用電資料及智慧型插座量測可控負載電力消耗資訊,運用動態規劃法針對可控負載在特定時段進行卸載策略規劃以實施需量競價措施,並以黃金分割法計算自身最大可卸載量提供用戶群代表集結多個用戶向電力公司進行投標。
    根據案例得知申請需量120-220W,執行率為0.78~1.24不等,可獲得競價電價105%~110%之比例的扣減。另外,透過管理系統配備之儲能系統,針對系統層面實施截峰控制法,可降低尖峰用電16.28%,提升負載因數15.8%,減緩電業於尖峰時的負擔。


    The traditional power system relies on the utility supply the energy to users in unilateral. However, the development of the economy and the advancement of technology have made the demand of electricity growth. It needs to reduce the use of fossil fuels under the pressure of Greenhouse Gas and non-Nuclear Homeland. The utility mainly implements the Demand Response (DR) strategy for high-power users, but not the low-power users' clustering effect, which accounts for 51% of the peak power. Therefore, the combination of low-power users' DR is key to the Home Energy Management Strategy in the future.
    In this paper, we use the HEMS prototype with the smart meter, twelve smart plugs and 5kW, 3kWh energy storage system in the laboratory, which can calculate the maximum daily load-shedding power consumption. With smart meters collecting real-time power consumption, smart plugs measuring the controllable load power consumption, we also implement the Dynamic Programming for the load-shedding strategy to control loads at the demand-bidding time. The HEMS calculates its controllable load-shedding maximum by the Golden Section Search Method for aggregator participating in the bidding.
    As a result, the proposed strategy can get 105% to 110% of bidding rates due to the implementation rate ranges from 0.78 to 1.24 under the application requirement from 120W to 220W. In addition, through the Cut-Off Line Method by the energy storage system, the outcome is the peak consumption reduced by 16.28% and increased load-factor by 15.8%.

    摘要 I ABSTRACT II 誌謝 IV 目錄 V 圖目錄 VIII 表目錄 X 第1章、 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的與方法 4 1.3 章節簡述 6 第2章、 能源管理政策與措施 8 2.1 前言 8 2.2 家庭能源管理系統 8 2.3 負載管理措施 10 2.3.1 電價基礎 11 2.3.2 激勵基礎 14 2.3.3 抑低容量 15 2.3.4 空調暫停用電 16 2.4 需量競價 17 2.5 用戶群代表制度 20 2.6 儲能電池 21 第3章、 硬體架構及通訊方式 24 3.1 家庭能源管理硬體架構 24 3.2 CNS 16014/TaiSEIA 101通訊協定 25 3.3 智慧型家電 26 3.4 Modbus通訊協定 27 3.5 智慧型多功能逆變器 30 3.6 儲能電池 34 3.7 智慧電表 35 3.8 智慧型插座 37 第4章、 管理系統韌體架構 40 4.1 管理系統模型 40 4.2 用戶群代表模式 41 4.3 求最大可卸載量 43 4.4 負載排程規劃 45 4.4.1 負載分類 46 4.4.2 規劃方式 47 4.4.3 動態規劃法 49 4.5 線上能源管理系統 55 4.6 儲能系統管理 56 4.7 截峰控制法 59 4.7.1 預測截峰線 66 4.7.2 儲能系統管理流程 67 第5章、 模擬測試與規劃 71 5.1 實驗場域環境設定 71 5.2 使用者操作介面 73 5.3 案例分析與試驗 75 5.3.1 案例一:抑低8個時段 76 5.3.2 案例二:抑低4個時段 79 5.3.3 案例三:抑低4個時段與即時負載管理 81 5.3.4 案例四:截峰控制法 84 5.4 案例綜合分析 86 第6章、 結論及未來展望 88 6.1 結論 88 6.2 未來展望 88 參考文獻 90 附錄 97 附錄 A、家庭電器一覽表 97 附錄 B、實驗場域負載類型 98

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