社會企業是由歐美國家興起的新型態組織，利用創新的商業模式解決社會問題，打造能擴張與永續的經營模式，近年來更在全球掀起風潮。本研究旨在探討社會企業研究在科學知識發展中關注之議題，並找出影響特定文獻與學者，在此領域具影響力之因素。
本研究自Web of Science資料庫中蒐集1987年至2015年間SSCI領域中社會企業相關學術文獻，共計647筆有效樣本。以關鍵延伸主路徑分析方法，找尋社會企業研究中聚焦的議題，並統計文獻分布與成長情形。為了進一步解釋何以特定文獻與學者在研究領域具影響力，運用線性迴歸分析檢測影響文獻重要性之因素。
本研究自主路徑的分析中發現，社會企業研究的議題發展可分以下階段，起初，多探究起源與定義，認為社會企業是為了創造社會利益或實現社會使命；再者，學者多於實務上擬定操作模型，提供社會企業適當的營運方針；直至近年，鑒於國家通常由政府、企業、非營利三個部門組成，但隨社會日趨複雜導致部門界線逐漸模糊，尤以企業與非營利部門逐漸融合，此種新形態混合組織即為社會企業，因此研究聚焦於以混和組織角度探討社會企業相關議題，此外，亦大量出現探討開發中國家社會企業的相關議題。量化分析結果也發現，國家因素、關鍵期刊、關鍵學者的引領等，是解釋特定文獻具有高度影響力之因素；而國家因素、是否擔任傳遞知識的中介角色等是使學者具重要地位的因素。

A social enterprise is an emerging type of organization which starts from European and North American countries. The new type enterprise uses innovative business model to solve social problems and create a new way to balance the goals of social problems and profits sustainably. In recent years, the increasing trend of social enterprises have attracted lots of attentions that scholars work on relevant studies on different views. In this study, we aim to find out the trajectory of social enterprise research and explore the critical scientific issues in social enterprise field. Furthermore, we also focus on finding out the factors that explain the importance of the specific literatures and scholars in this field.
This study applies relevant keywords to collect data from WOS (Web of Science) database. There are a total of 647 literatures from 1987 to 2015 after removing irrelevant literatures. We use the key-route main path analysis and citation networks to find the trajectory and key issues in social enterprise research. In addition, we also apply linear regression analysis to examine the factors why specific literatures and scholars play an influential role in the knowledge network.
Through main path analysis, we find that the issue development of social enterprise research can be divided into the following stages. The first stage (1994-2009) focuses on the origin and definition. The goal of social enterprise is to create social benefits or to achieve social mission. In the second stage (2010-2014), several studies focus on developing operational models of social enterprises in practice and provide the appropriate operating principles and organizational framework for social enterprises. Because the interactions of three types of sectors (i.e. government, enterprise and non-profit organizations) increases, the new and recent development in the third stage (2014-2015) turns to be complex on discussing the social issues. Social enterprises studies seem to blur the boundaries of the three sectors. A new hybrid organizational type appears in social enterprises.
The empirical regression models show that the several critical factors, e.g. national originality, published journal, key scholars, play significant roles on explaining the importance of literatures in the knowledge network of social enterprise research. At the researcher level, scholar’s nationality and brokerage roles also help to explain the position of scholars in this field.

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