Logistics management is the management of the flow of goods, information and other resources including energy and people from supplier to the customer. Transportation cost is the highest cost in logistics costs which occupies around 29% from the total costs followed by inventory cost, warehousing cost, packing cost, management cost, material handling cost and ordering cost (Tseng et al., 2005). Transportation cost can be reduced by optimizing the sequence of vehicle route. This problem about optimizing vehicle route is generally known as vehicle routing problem. Pollution routing problem (PRP) is an extension of the traditional VRP which consider the transportation impacts to the environment represented by pollution cost.
PRP research based on assumption that pollution emitted by a vehicle depends on vehicle load and speed among other factors. Since it is introduced, some researches have been conducted to see another variant of PRP. This research aims to learn about various types of pollution routing problem and to study different variants of PRP cases.

Logistics management is the management of the flow of goods, information and other resources including energy and people from supplier to the customer. Transportation cost is the highest cost in logistics costs which occupies around 29% from the total costs followed by inventory cost, warehousing cost, packing cost, management cost, material handling cost and ordering cost (Tseng et al., 2005). Transportation cost can be reduced by optimizing the sequence of vehicle route. This problem about optimizing vehicle route is generally known as vehicle routing problem. Pollution routing problem (PRP) is an extension of the traditional VRP which consider the transportation impacts to the environment represented by pollution cost.
PRP research based on assumption that pollution emitted by a vehicle depends on vehicle load and speed among other factors. Since it is introduced, some researches have been conducted to see another variant of PRP. This research aims to learn about various types of pollution routing problem and to study different variants of PRP cases.

1. Bektas, T. and Laporte, G., “The Pollution-Routing Problem,” Transportation Research Part B, 45, pp. 1232-1250, 2011.
2. Cordeau, J.-F., Gendreau, M., Laporte, G., Potvin, J.-Y., and Semet, F, “A Guide to Vehicle Routing Heuristics,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, 53, pp. 512-522, 2002.
3. De la Cruz, J.J., Paternina-Arboleda, C.D., Cantillo, V., and Montoya-Torres, J.R., “A Two-Pheromone Trail Ant Colony System-Tabu Search Approach for the Heterogeneous Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Multiple Products,” Journal of Heuristics, 19, pp. 233-252, 2013.
4. Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, “2016 UK Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Final Figures – Statistical Release,” Technical report, Department for Business, Energy & Industrial Strategy, London, February 6th 2018.
5. Derigs, U., Gottlieb, J., Kalkoff, J., Piesche, M., Rothlauf, F., and Vogel, U., “Vehicle Routing with Compartments: Applications, Modelling and Heuristics,” OR Spectrum, 33, pp. 885-914, 2011.
6. Franceschetti, A., Honhon, D.B.L.P., Van Woensel, T., Bektas, T., and Laporte, G., “The Time-Dependent Pollution-Routing Problem,” BETA Publicatie : Working papers, 409, Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven, 2013.
7. Kramer, R., Subramanian, A., Vidal, T., and Cabral, L.A.F., “A Matheuristic Approach for the Pollution-Routing Problem,” European Journal of Operational Research, 243, pp. 523-539, 2014.
8. Lathifah, A., “Simulated Annealing Heuristic for the Heterogeneous Fleet Pollution Routing Problem,” Master thesis, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 2015.
9. Lin, C., Choy, K.L., Ho, G.T.S., Chung, S.H., and Lam, H.Y., “Survey of Green Vehicle Routing Problem: Past and Future Trends,” Expert Systems with Applications, 41, pp. 1118-1138, 2014.
10. Ohnishi, H., “Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategies in the Transport Sector: Preliminary Report,” Technical report, OECD/ITF Joint Transport Research Centre Working Group on GHG Reduction Strategies in the Transport Sector, OECD/ITF, Paris, January 1st 2008.
11. Prive, J., Renaud, J., Boctor, F., and Laporte, G., “Solving a Vehicle Routing Problem Arising in Soft Drink Distribution,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, 57, pp. 1045–1052, 2006.
12. Tseng, Y.-y., Yue, W.L., and Taylor, M.A.P., “The Role of Transportation in Logistics Chain,” Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 5, pp. 1657-1672, 2005.
13. United States Environmental Protection Agency, “Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions,” https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions, July 25th, 2018.