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研究生： 張莉翎
LI-LING CHANG
論文名稱： 創業研究之發展趨勢與演變
The Development and Trends of Entrepreneurship Research
指導教授： 何秀青
Mei HC Ho
口試委員: 劉顯仲
John S. Liu
盧煜煬
Yu Yang Lu
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 管理學院 - 科技管理研究所
Graduate Institute of Technology Management
論文出版年： 2016
畢業學年度： 104
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 97
中文關鍵詞： 創業 、主路徑分析 、引證網路
外文關鍵詞： entrepreneurship, main path analysis, citation network
相關次數： 點閱：376  下載：4 
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    • 「創業」已被視為是經濟成長與增加創造就業機會的驅動力，管理學大師彼得杜拉克曾於早期強調，創新與創業是促進經濟發展與造就新經濟奇蹟的主要力量。可見「創業」在過去數十年來一直都經濟發展上扮演重要角色。本研究為了解創業研究議題的發展，將針對過去研究創業議題的文獻，觀察全球創業研究之演進趨勢及核心議題，藉此能了解創業理論和其創業可能之關鍵問題。
    本研究使用 Web of Science(WOS)資料庫來檢索創業相關的學術文獻，蒐集 1956 年至 2014 年 SSCI 中有關於創業領域關鍵字的標題，其文獻共5248 筆，去除無相關的文獻資料，最終樣本數為 4138 筆。透過文獻引證關係進行伸主路徑分析、集群分析法，藉此了解整體創業研究知識擴散流脈，及創業研究議題的演變。
    本研究結果發現，整體創業研究發展可分為三大階段，第一階段(19561988)著眼於研究創業家人格特質及創業理論框架建構，第二階段(1985-2001)分為兩種發展路徑，一個探討「創業機會與創業資源」議題，另一個探討「創業導向與創業績效」議題。第三階段(2001-2013)，創業研究開始百家爭鳴。而整體前五大創業議題(1956-2013)，包含:「創業機會與創業家特質議題」、「創業導向與創業績效議題」、「創業與財務流動性限制議題」、「國際創業議題」、「創業型大學議題」。 2000 年為創業研究領域的轉捩點，本研究整理出 2000 年之後創業議題發展為「創業機會與創業家特質」、「創業績效」、「新創企業成長議題」、「創業與財務流動性限制」，其中「創業機會與創業家特質」、「創業績效」、「創業與財務流動性限制」與整體創業議題間有連續性的發展，而「新創企業成長議題」後來延伸出「國際創業議題」。

    Entrepreneurship has been a driving force of economic growth during these
    past few years. This study aims to find out the development trajectory of global
    trends within entrepreneurship, which helps to explore the critical topics and
    theories applied in entrepreneurship studies.
    This study searches past literature with a series of keyword, i.e.
    entrepreneurship-related terms, in WOS (Web of Science) database. There are a
    total of 4138 literatures from 1956 to 2014 after removing irrelevant literatures.
    Using key-route main path analysis, the developmental trajectory can be divided
    into three different phases. The first phase (1956-1988) focuses on entrepreneurs’
    personality and theoretical framework. The second phase (1985-2001) includes
    two directions. One focuses on exploring for “Entrepreneurial Opportunities and
    Resources”, and the other is to explore the relationship between “Entrepreneurial
    Orientation and Performance”. The third phase (2001-2013) has diversified ideas
    on entrepreneurship, including the studies from micro and macro perspectives.
    Using Edge-betweenness Clustering based clustering method; we identify the
    differences among the literature and classify these past studies with citations.
    There are five different clusters expressing specific characteristics and unique
    topics. The five research clusters include “entrepreneurial opportunity and
    personality traits”, “entrepreneurial orientation and performance”,
    “entrepreneurship and financial liquidity constraints”, “international new
    ventures”, and “entrepreneurial university”. 2000 was a turning point in the field
    of entrepreneurship research. We classify four research clusters before 2000. Four
    research clusters include “entrepreneurial opportunity and personality traits”,
    “entrepreneurial performance”, “entrepreneurship and financial liquidity
    constraints”, “the growth of new ventures”.

    摘要.....................................................................................................................I Abstract............................................................................................................. II 致謝.................................................................................................................... III 表目錄.................................................................................................................VI 圖目錄................................................................................................................ VII 第一章 緒論........................................................................................................ 1 1.1 研究動機....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 研究問題 .......................................................................................................2 1.3 研究範圍....................................................................................................... 2 1.4 論文架構....................................................................................................... 3 第二章 文獻探討................................................................................................. 4 2.1 創業的定義 ................................................................................................... 4 2.2 創業研究現況 ............................................................................................... 6 第三章 研究方法 ................................................................................................ 17 3.1 資料搜集 ....................................................................................................... 18 3.2 主路徑分析 ................................................................................................... 19 3.3 集群分析法（Edge-betweenness Clustering） ............................................ 25 第四章 創業研究知識的主流 ............................................................................... 28 4.1 資料統計 ...................................................................................................... 28 4.1.1 創業研究在國家的分佈 ................................................................................ 28 4.1.2 創業文獻成長曲線 ...................................................................................... 29 4.1.3 創業研究期刊的排名 ................................................................................... 31 4.2 創業研究發展與各國的創業研究知識流動 ....................................................... 33 4.2.1 創業研究發展之關鍵延伸主路徑 .................................................................. 33 4.2.2 創業研究在各國的知識流動 ......................................................................... 37 第五章 創業研究議題之分群 ................................................................................ 43 5.1 整體創業研究議題(1956-2013 年) .................................................................. 43 5.1.1 創業機會與創業家特質之議題 ....................................................................... 47 5.1.1.1 創業機會與創業家特質議題之發展 .............................................................. 47 5.1.1.2 創業機會與創業家特質議題在各國的知識流動.............................................. 50 5.1.2 創業導向與績效之議題 ................................................................................ 53 5.1.2.1 創業導向與績效議題之發展 ........................................................................ 53 5.1.2.2 創業導向與績效議題在各國的知識流動........................................................ 56 5.1.3 創業與財務流動性限制議題 ........................................................................... 59 5.1.3.1 創業與財務流動性限制議題之發展 .............................................................. 59 5.1.3.2 創業與財務流動性限制議題在各國的知識流動 ............................................. 62 5.1.4 國際創業議題 ............................................................................................... 65 5.1.4.1 國際創業議題之發展 .................................................................................. 65 5.1.4.2 國際創業議題在各國的知識流動 ................................................................. 68 5.1.5 創業型大學議題 ............................................................................................ 70 5.1.5.1 創業型大學議題之發展 ............................................................................... 70 5.1.5.2 創業型大學議題在各國的知識流動............................................................... 73 5.2 2000 年前的創業議題發展(1956-2000 年) ..................................................... 75 5.2.1 創業機會與創業家特質議題 ........................................................................... 76 5.2.2 創業導向與績效議題 ..................................................................................... 78 5.2.3 新創企業成長議題 ........................................................................................ 80 5.2.4 創業與財務流動性限制議題 ........................................................................... 81 5.3 創業領域議題演變之比較 ................................................................................. 83 第六章 結論與建議 ............................................................................................... 85 6.1 整體創業研究主流及各國的創業研究知識流動 .................................................. 85 6.1.1 整體創業研究主流 ......................................................................................... 85 6.1.2 各國的創業研究知識流動 ............................................................................... 86 6.2 整體的創業研究議題發展及各國創業議題知識流動 .......................................... 87 6.2.1 主要的創業研究議題發展 ............................................................................. 87 6.2.2 各國創業議題之知識流動 ................................................................................. 88 6.3 創業議題演變及比較 ........................................................................................... 89 6.4 研究限制與未來研究 ........................................................................................... 90 參考文獻 .................................................................................................................. 91

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