本研究透過離散元素法(Discrete Element Method) 與計算流體力學(Computational Fluid Dynamics)之耦合分析，探討以地表充填灌漿方式於滿水隧道內構築隔水堰體之過程中，灌漿材料之坍流情形。因離散元軟體EDEM無法對水進行準確的模擬，因此需透過離散元軟體EDEM耦合流體模擬軟體ANSYS-Fluent的方式，來進行水中充填灌注之數值模擬，以探討水中構築隔水堰體之可行性。由於離散元軟體EDEM之使用參數，如接觸參數和黏結參數等，須透過數值模擬試驗進行虛擬校正得到。因此須先進行堆密度試驗、安息角試驗、以及單軸壓縮試驗等校正試驗，並透過直交表的方式進行正交比對，以求快速地得到適合的參數組合。待參數校正完成後，先以離散元軟體EDEM進行乾式充填灌注試驗之數值模擬，以觀察充填材料坍流情形，藉由室內乾式充填灌注試驗結果比對，來驗證上述數值模擬參數之準確性。在乾式充填灌注試驗過程中發現，隧道圓形斷面之頂部灌注孔周圍，仍有孔隙未能填滿。所以本研究透過調整灌注孔位置、灌注孔數目、和灌注孔是否同時灌注等項目進行改良，模擬情境包括: (1) 在兩重堰體正中間新增孔位，並加壓灌注充填材料，以修補灌注孔周圍之孔隙；(2) 調整單重堰體的灌注孔數目，將單重堰體的灌注孔數從3孔縮減為1孔；(3) 同時灌注兩重堰體，以確認可得較佳之灌注效果；(4) 調整兩重堰體本體的灌注孔間距，以免除兩重堰體間灌注孔之增設，藉此將堰體本體的灌注孔由3孔減少為2孔。經由上述改良方法後，可提升隔水堰體之止水性，減少隔水堰體構築程序，同時也可降低隔水堰體之構築成本。

This research used coupled analysis of the Discrete Element Method and Computational Fluid Dynamics is to study the influence of material slump flow and backfill grouting sequence on constructing a cutoff dam inside a flooded tunnel. Since the discrete element software EDEM can not accurately simulate the water, the fluid simulation software ANSYS-Fluent is adopted to couple with EDEM. Some of the concrete and mortar material parameters needed by the EDEM software (e.g., contact parameters and bonding parameters) are not easily available in traditional soil mechanics literature. They need to be obtained through some calibration tests such as bulk density test, angle of repose test, and uniaxial compression test. To obtain these parameters, various calibration tests are performed using orthogonal experiment process. To quickly obtain suitable combinations of parameters, orthogonal tables are used during the process. After the parameters are calibrated, EDEM is used to simulate the slump flow behavior of the backfilling material in the dry tunnel. From the experiment results of concrete and mortar backfilling under dry condition, it shows that some unfilled pores still exist on the top of cutoff dam. To improve the water tightness of cutoff dam, in this study, improvements were made by adjusting the location of the backfilling holes, the number of backfilling holes, and whether the backfilling holes were backfilled at the same time. The simulation scenarios include: (1) Add a backfilling hole in the middle of the double cutoff dam, and pressurize the filling material, To repair the pores around the backfilling hole; (2) Adjust the number of backfilling holes in the single cutoff dam, reducing the number of backfilling holes from 3 holes to 1 hole; (3) Fill the double cutoff dams at the same time to confirm A better filling effect can be obtained; (4) Adjust the distance between the backfilling holes of the double cutoff dams to avoid the addition of backfilling holes between the double cutoff dam s, thereby reducing the number of filling holes in the cutoff dam from 3 holes to 2 holes. After the above-mentioned improvement method, the water-tightness of the cutoff dam y can be improved, the construction process of the cutoff dam can be reduced, and the construction cost of the cutoff dam can also be reduced.

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