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研究生： 謝明錡
Ming-Qi Xie
論文名稱： 基於雲端監控之社區直流微電網能量管理策略與驗證
Energy Management Strategy and Verification of Community DC Microgrid Based on Cloud Monitoring
指導教授： 林長華
Chang-Hua Lin
口試委員: 陳貽評
Yi-Ping Chen
劉華棟
Hwa-Dong Liu
黃仲欽
Hwang-Jonq Chin
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 電資學院 - 電機工程系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年： 2023
畢業學年度： 111
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 161
中文關鍵詞： 雲端系統 、直流微電網 、儲能系統 、能量管理策略 、削峰填谷
外文關鍵詞： Cloud system, DC microgrid,, Peak shaving and valley filling, Energy management strategy, Energy storage system
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    • 本文旨在於提出基於雲端技術的直流微電網能量管理策略，以有效管理能源在直流微電網中的流動，從而提高能源使用效率。首先，所提出的能量管理策略利用雲端監控技術，實時收集各獨立能源裝置的能源產生與相關數據，並使用神經網路預測負載需求，再加入粒子群演算法，將儲能系統電力進行合理分配，以提高能源利用率，並降低流動電費。其次，該策略基於直流微電網架構，實現了能源多元融合，包括市電供應、太陽能和儲能系統等。再者，透過在高峰時段減少能源需求，並在低峰時段儲存多餘能源，使削峰填谷策略能夠提高能源利用效率，進一步降低能源成本。
    為了驗證所提出的能量管理策略的有效性，本文使用電能轉換器模擬各獨立能源裝置，再透過無線通訊技術和雲端服務組成的混合能源系統，將市電、儲能系統、再生能源和直流微電網相互連接，以建立一個完整的直流微電網系統。同時，本系統還整合軟體平台及前端服務，藉此取得儲能系統、再生能源和市電的即時狀態，並根據削峰填谷概念及再生能源發電情境，以提供各子系統相應的決策，使得各子系統達到最合適配置。最後，藉由對一實際案例在不同情境下進行降額實測，以驗證本文所提出策略的可行性。

    This study proposes a cloud-based energy management strategy for a DC microgrid to reduce energy costs and optimize energy flow. The strategy utilizes cloud monitoring technology to collect real-time data. It incorporates load prediction and further integrates particle swarm algorithms to optimize power allocation in the energy storage system, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency and reducing electricity expenses. By integrating grid supply, solar power, and energy storage systems, the strategy promotes energy diversification, contributing to a greener and more reliable energy ecosystem. The proposed strategy's effectiveness is validated by implementing a hybrid system comprising power converters, battery energy storage, wireless communication, and cloud services. Real-time statuses of the microgrid's components inform decision-making processes, facilitating the optimal operation of subsystems. Finally, the strategy's feasibility is demonstrated through a comprehensive case study and rigorous experimental testing, establishing its potential for practical implementation and showcasing its potential impact on energy management in DC microgrids.

    目錄 摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 III 目錄 IV 圖目錄 X 表目錄 XIV 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景 1 1.2 文獻探討 2 1.3 論文架構 6 第二章 直流微電網與雲端技術 8 2.1 直流電網技術 8 2.1.1 直流微電網之規範 9 2.1.2 電能轉換器之控制 9 2.1.3 微電網之控制 11 2.2 儲能系統之要件 12 2.2.1 鋰電池種類與規格 13 2.2.2 電池電量狀態 14 2.2.3 電池平衡技術 15 2.3 雲端技術之用途與目的 15 2.4 雲端運算模型 17 2.5 雲端設備 19 2.6 網頁技術 20 2.6.1 MVC框架 20 2.6.2 前端技術 21 2.6.3 後端技術 24 2.7 資料庫 27 2.7.1 時間序列資料庫 28 2.7.2 InfluxDB 29 2.8 微服務 30 2.8.1 微服務之用途與目的 30 2.8.2 容器化 31 2.9 能量分配策略 31 2.9.1 類神經網路模型 32 2.9.2 搜尋演算法 33 第三章 建置具雲端監控之直流微電網系統 35 3.1 整體系統架構 35 3.2 直流微電網之儲能系統 37 3.2.1 電池管理系統 37 3.2.2 電能轉換器 38 3.2.3 儲能系統管理單元 38 3.2.4 儲能系統之資料收集系統介紹 39 3.2.5 儲能系統命令介紹 42 3.2.6 資料處理之通訊介面 43 3.3 市電及再生能源 49 3.4 直流負載 49 3.5 雲端管理系統與直流電網之連結 50 3.5.1 資料庫介紹 51 3.5.2 雲端運算服務 52 3.5.3 前端網頁服務介紹 53 3.5.4 雲端系統整合平台 53 第四章 雙向轉換器之分析與控制 55 4.1 電能轉換器之架構 55 4.2 雙向CLLLC轉換器之工作模式 57 4.3 雙向CLLLC轉換器設計考量 72 4.4 電能轉換器之操作模式 77 4.4.1 定電壓供電模式 78 4.4.2 定電流供電模式 79 4.4.3 定電流充電模式 80 4.4.4 停機模式 81 第五章 削峰填谷策略設計與控制流程 82 5.1 用電負載曲線說明 82 5.1.1 長短期記憶網路 82 5.1.2 資料處理 83 5.1.3 負載功率等比例降額說明 84 5.1.4 負載時間等比例縮短說明 86 5.2 契約容量與時間電價說明 86 5.2.1 裝置契約容量考量 86 5.2.2 時間電價參考 88 5.3 再生能源數據 90 5.4 直流電網之系統操作條件 91 5.4.2 直流微電網功率平衡原則 92 5.4.3 直流微電網各子系統輸出功率原則 93 5.4.4 儲能系統電量狀態範圍原則 93 5.4.5 儲能系統電量狀態平衡原則 94 5.4.6 直流微電網電壓範圍原則 95 5.5 削峰填谷情境 95 5.5.1 無再生能源 95 5.5.2 具再生能源 96 5.6 削峰填谷控制策略驗證 97 5.6.1 常見控制策說明 98 5.6.2 所提策略一 102 5.6.3 所提策略二 110 5.6.4 不同控制策略計算結果比較 112 第六章 削峰填谷策實測結果 113 6.1 系統測試平台介紹 113 6.2 前端網頁服務功能實現 114 6.3 削峰填谷策略之實現 115 6.3.1 常見控制策略之實測結果 115 6.3.2 所提策略一之實測結果 120 6.3.3 所提策略二之實測結果 124 6.4 削峰填谷策略結果比較 127 第七章 結論與未來研究方向 130 7.1 結論 130 7.2 未來研究方向 131 參考文獻 132

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