本研究從日漸重要的日間照顧課程著手，藉由在失智症懷舊治療課程中導入OID技術，即以物件文化（Object Culture）的觀點，探討失智者的物件以及回憶之間的文化意涵與該變化對於課程參與者的影響。本研究目的在於從現有課程中找尋機會點，發展出新課程，亦可將該課程延伸至居家。最後歸納研究對象產生的科技意會（Sense-making）。
本研究採用詮釋型個案研究法、參與式觀察法，針對14位研究對象輔以半結構化訪談，其中包括家屬與治療師。最後將研究日誌、逐字稿進行主題編碼、歸納與分析。最終本研究發現，現階段的課程面臨之窘境包括：課程設計時，難以尋求使長輩產生共鳴的素材；懷舊主題易受長輩特質影響；課堂上的刺激難以延伸至居家。因此，當新課程以失智者的物件（舊照片）作為課程主軸，課程設計將更聚焦於個人脈絡與特性，有效提升雙方的溝通，獲得更深度的文化探討。而 OID技術的介入，將本研究治療訪談過程經由聲音形式，將虛擬的回憶整合至實體的照片，使其成為居家使用的輔具。
透過課程上的治療訪談延伸至居家時，治療師的聲音引導將有助於失智者產生回顧、覆誦以及重述長期記憶，另一方面，家屬則扮演在旁引導與提醒的角色。本研究利用失智者短期記憶缺失，作為新經驗的刺激來源。而家屬也對OID技術產生相對應的挪用與科技意會。本研究結果期望能對課程發展產生新洞見，並替懷舊治療課程帶來進一步的貢獻。

This study begins with an increasingly important issue- Day care. Using OID technology in reminiscence therapy lessons for dementia patients. From the point of view of the object culture to discuss the impact of the meaning between dementia patients’ objects and memory, also the change of using OID technology into the course. The purpose of this study is to look for opportunities from existing courses, then develop new courses and extend the course to home. Finally, generalize the sense-making from this research.
In this study, a descriptive case study and a participatory observation were used, and semi-structured interviews with 14 subjects, including family members and therapists. Finally, to selective coding, summarize and analyze the research journal and interview transcript. In the end, the study found that the dilemma of the curriculum at this stage including: the difficulty of seeking to resonate with the elders when the curriculum was designed; the nostalgic theme was susceptible to the influence of the elders; the stimulus in the classroom was difficult to extend to home. Therefore, when the new curriculum to dementia objects (old photos) as the main axis of the course, the curriculum design will focus more on personal context and characteristics, enhance the communication effectively between therapist and family then obtain a deeper cultural discussion. With the OID technology intervention, the study of the interview process through the sound form, the virtual memories into the objects, and make it be able to do reminiscence therapy at home.
Through the course of treatment interviews extended to home, the therapist's voice guide will help the dementia patients to review, recite and restate the long-term memory, on the other hand, the family is playing the role of guide and remind. This study used the short-term memory loss of the dementia as a source of stimulation for new experiences. And the family also produced a corresponding OID technology with the misappropriation of science and technology. The results of this study are expected to generate new insights into future curriculum development and provide further contributions to reminiscence therapy lessons.

英文文獻
Balka, E., & Wagner, I. (2006, November). Making things work: dimensions of configurability as appropriation work. In Proceedings of the 2006 20th anniversary conference on Computer supported cooperative work (pp. 229-238). ACM.
Bardram, J. E., & Bossen, C. (2005). Mobility work: The spatial dimension of collaboration at a hospital. Computer supported cooperative work (CSCW), 14(2), 131-160.
Bichard, J. A., Gheerawo, R. (2010).The ethnography in design. Design Anthropology Object Culture in the 21st Century, The ethnography in design. Vienna: Springer–Verlag / Wien., P45-55
Blackler, A. L., Popovic, V., & Mahar, D. P. (2003). Designing for intuitive use of products: An investigation.
Blaikie, A. (1999). Ageing and popular culture. Cambridge University Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste. Harvard University Press.
Candy, L., & Edmonds, E. (1996). Creative design of the Lotus bicycle: implications for knowledge support systems research. Design Studies, 17(1), 71-90.
Chen, T. J., Li, H. J., & Li, J. (2012). The effects of reminiscence therapy on depressive symptoms of Chinese elderly: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC psychiatry, 12(1), 1.
Chiang, P. H., & Lai, A. F. (2011, September). Apply optical identify device on senior grade students' English situated learning in LongShan Elementary School in Taipei City. In Electrical and Control Engineering (ICECE), 2011 International Conference on (pp. 6367-6371). IEEE.
Chipchase, J., & Steinhardt, S. (2013). Hidden in Plain Sight: How to Create Extraordinary Products for Tomorrow's Customers. Harper Collins.
Cho, S. Y., Cheng, Y. F., Chen, H. R., Tang, H. H., Chu, W. C., Chen, M. Y., & Chen, C. H. (2014). Memoir Monopoly: A rehabilitation game for elderly living with dementia. Gerontechnology, 13(2), 91-92.
Cross, N. (1999). Natural intelligence in design. Design studies, 20(1), 25-39.
Dankl, K. (2010). Technology for the Future, Design for the Present? Reflections on the Ambient Assisted Living Technology Industry. Design Anthropology Object Culture in the 21st Century, Vienna: Springer–Verlag / Wien. , 212-227
Dourish, P. (2003). The appropriation of interactive technologies: Some lessons from placeless documents. Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), 12(4), 465-490.
Draaisma, D. (2004). Why life speeds up as you get older: How memory shapes our past. Cambridge University Press.
Driver, A., Peralta, C., & Moultrie, J. (2011). Exploring how industrial designers can contribute to scientific research. International Journal of Design, 5(1).
Heyer, C., & Brereton, M. (2010, August). Design from the everyday: continuously evolving, embedded exploratory prototypes. In Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (pp. 282-291). ACM.
Horton, J. (2012). ‘Got my shoes, got my Pokémon’: Everyday geographies of children’s popular culture. Geoforum, 43(1), 4-13.
Lazar, A., Thompson, H. J., & Demiris, G. (2016). Design Recommendations for Recreational Systems Involving Older Adults Living With Dementia. Journal of applied gerontology: the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society.
Melunsky, N., Crellin, N., Dudzinski, E., Orrell, M., Wenborn, J., Poland, F., ... & Charlesworth, G. (2013). The experience of family carers attending a joint reminiscence group with people with dementia: A thematic analysis. Dementia, 1471301213516332.
Miller, D. (2010). Designing Ourselves. Design Anthropology Object Culture in the 21st Century, The ethnography in design. Vienna: Springer–Verlag / Wien. , 88-99
O'Brien, J., Rodden, T., Rouncefield, M., & Hughes, J. (1999). At home with the technology: an ethnographic study of a set-top-box trial. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 6(3), 282-308.
Pedgley, O. (2009). Influence of stakeholders on industrial design materials and manufacturing selection. International Journal of Design, 3(1).
Quinn, C., Clare, L., McGuinness, T., & Woods, R. T. (2012). The impact of relationships, motivations, and meanings on dementia caregiving outcomes.International psychogeriatrics, 24(11), 1816-1826.
Rodden, T., Crabtree, A., Hemmings, T., Koleva, B., Humble, J., Åkesson, K. P., & Hansson, P. (2004, August). Between the dazzle of a new building and its eventual corpse: assembling the ubiquitous home. In Proceedings of the 5th conference on Designing interactive systems: processes, practices, methods, and techniques (pp. 71-80). ACM.
Salovaara, A., Höök, K., Cheverst, K., Twidale, M., Chalmers, M., & Sas, C. (2011, May). Appropriation and creative use: linking user studies and design. In CHI'11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 37-40). ACM.
Tobiasson, H., Sundblad, Y., Walldius, Å., & Hedman, A. (2015). Designing for active life: Moving and being moved together with dementia patients. International Journal of Design, 9(3), 47-62.
Woods, R. T., Bruce, E., Edwards, R. T., Hounsome, B., Keady, J., Moniz-Cook, E. D., ... & Russell, I. T. (2009). Reminiscence groups for people with dementia and their family carers: pragmatic eight-centre randomised trial of joint reminiscence and maintenance versus usual treatment: a protocol. Trials,10(1), 64.
Weick, K. E. (2000). Technology as equivoque: Sense-making in new technologies. Technology, Organizations and Innovation: Theories, concepts and paradigms, 2, 789.
Woods, R. T., Bruce, E., Edwards, R. T., Elvish, R., Hoare, Z., Hounsome, B., ... & Rees, J. (2012). REMCARE: reminiscence groups for people with dementia and their family caregivers–effectiveness and cost-effectiveness pragmatic multicentre randomised trial.
Weick, K. E. (1988). Enacted sensemaking in crisis situations [1]. Journal of management studies, 25(4), 305-317.
Verganti, R. (2011). Radical design and technology epiphanies: a new focus for research on design management. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 28(3), 384-388.
Verganti, R., & Dell'Era, C. (2009). Design-driven innovation. Boston, MA.
Verganti, R. (2008). Design, meanings, and radical innovation: A metamodel and a research agenda. Journal of product innovation management, 25(5), 436-456.

中文文獻
于漱、吳淑瓊、楊桂鳳(2003)。失智症患者的長期照護服務模式. 長期照護雜誌, 7(3), 251-264.
中華民國行政院國家發展委員會(2014)。中華民國人口推計（103至150年）報告。
中華民國行政院衛生福利部(2013)。長期照顧服務量能提升計畫。
李彩鳳、吳麗芬、蘇惠珍(2013)。以靈性懷舊探討老年人生命意義的經驗。台灣高齡服務管理學刊,2(1).
李浩銘、賴阿福(2012)。應用光學辨識裝置在國小五年級閩南語教學之行動學習設計, 第八屆知識社群國際研討會
余宜叡、林益卿、蔡佩渝(2010)。深入探索的生命回顧-敘事探究. 安寧療護雜誌, 15(2), 206-218.
宋惠娟(2003)。長期照護機構治療性活動的安排與應用. 慈濟護理雜誌2(2), 27-30
吳麗芬(2001)。回憶治療與生命回顧。護理雜誌, 48(1).
吳麗芬、周青波、陸秀芳、曾惠楨(2006)。 團體懷舊治療實務指引之研發. 實證護理,2,(3), 173-179.
柯宏勳、黃妍華、李美慧、吳菁宜、李冠逸、謝妤葳(2013)。職能治療計畫介入對日間照顧中心失智症患者日常與社交功能以及照顧者負荷之成效探討. 臺灣職能治療研究與實務雜誌, 9(2), 113-125.
侯勝宗(2015)。科技意會。台北：培生集團。
侯勝宗(2010)。 服務可以庫存嗎？台灣大車隊司機工作實務個案研究. 臺大管理論叢, 20(S1)。
唐玄輝、蕭貴霙(2009)。跨領域合作下高齡者資訊平台介面的設計與評估. 人因工程學刊, 10, 2.
唐玄輝、高世安、林榮泰(2005)。中高齡者手機操作挫折之探討-以心智模式為研究基礎. 人因工程學刊, 7(1), 63-71.
陳則文、侯勝宗(2009)。非預期工作創新：台灣大車隊司機個案研究。科技管理學刊, 14(2), 97-128。
姜雅玲(2010)。運用輔助科技對增進國小中度自閉症學生溝通能力之研究. 工業科技教育學刊, (3), 77-86.
甄瑞興、周歆凱、蔡明足、王心怡、林於諍、郭穎樺、翁林仲(2010)。多層面模式之失智症照護經驗. 北市醫學雜誌, 7(4), 424-434.
顧雅利、顧超光、顧柔利(2009)。運用懷舊照片探索一位眷村老年婦女之生命經驗。護理雜誌, 56(1).
蕭正宇、蔡欣玲(2015)。運用藝術治療-心智繪圖於思覺失調個案研究. 榮總護理, 32(2), 145-153.
蕭瑞麟(2008)。科技創新與組織變革。台北：美商麥格羅‧希爾國際股份有限公司台灣分公司。
蕭瑞麟(2007)。不用數字的研究。台北：培生出版。

網路文獻
A10C OID II光學點讀筆，於20160514擷取自https://goo.gl/6Z4WyX
DIGTIMES，OID，於20160504擷取自https://goo.gl/CY46qW
Remembering Yesterday Caring Today Project於20160528擷取自https://goo.gl/CSQrqZ
台灣失智症協會，認識失智症，於20160424擷取自https://goo.gl/MyXUpn
松瀚科技，OID產品快訊，於20160504擷取自https://goo.gl/N9srqZ