波特蘭水泥是一種被廣泛接受的營建材料，但其對二氧化碳之氣體排放、自然保護區之開發和自然棲息地之破壞等等方面所導致之環境足跡不容忽視，可以減少水泥使用量的鹼激發材料 (AAM) 一直都有創新的研究，但其傳統式需兩階段之活化機理一直被認為不方便於實務應用。本研究旨在探討使用工業副產品電石渣 (CCR) 作為固體氧化鈣(CaO)激發劑製作一種單階段鹼激發爐石基無水泥膠結材料之較新穎方法，深入探討以熱處理電石渣當作固體氫氧化鈣與氧化鈣活化劑之潛在優勢，亦分析由於將煙脫硫石膏 (FGDG)加入氧化鈣激發爐石基膠材體之相變機制，對由一系列組合電石渣、爐石粉和煙脫硫石膏之混合物所製成鹼激發膠結材之工作性、凝結行為、放熱量、導熱性、收縮率和抗壓強度等等進行試驗探討，另外，且通過 X 射線衍射和掃描電子顯微鏡之微觀結構檢驗，作進一步評估。
根據實驗結果，觀察到電石渣在 700°C 的溫度下脫碳，在 400°C的溫度下脫水， 儘管屬於同一家族的鈣，但不同的化學成分在爐石粉中表現出不同之活化行為，研究發現，基於齡期28 天和56 天後之抗壓強度，12% 的爐石粉含量對於在 900°C 下處理的電石渣是最好的，以未處理和 470°C處理的電爐渣作為活化劑之添加量直至16%時都持續顯示改善強度，XRD 分析顯示，隨溫度升高，熱活化將電石渣成分從氫氧化鈣變為純氧化鈣, 水化熱實驗發現，900°C 處理過的電石渣具有吸引人的氧化鈣水化反應，未處理和 470°C處理過的電爐石的主要成分是氫氧化鈣與非常些微的水化熱。
此外，當在 900°C 處理過的氧化鈣基電爐渣中添加 5%煙脫硫石膏時，機械強度會顯著增加，添加12% 之電石渣活化複合材料在齡期28 天後顯示出 28.10 MPa 的強度，此外，當添加煙脫硫石膏時，強度增加 54.27%，在整個水化過程中，鈣礬石和氫氧化鈣是所有實驗組合中之二氧化矽和氧化鋁水合凝膠中的主要成分。

Although the ordinary Portland cement is a widely accepted construction material, its resulting environmental footprint on CO2 gas emissions, exploitation of natural reserves, and disruption of natural habitat, etc. cannot be overlooked. Alkali-activated materials (AAM) that can curb cement usage have been innovatively researched, while the traditional AAM's two-part activation mechanism has been arguably regarded as inconvenient for practical application. This study aimed to explore a relatively new approach by using calcium carbide residue (CCR), an industrial by-product, as a solid CaO activator to make a one-part alkali activated slag-based no-cement cementitious material, in which the potential advantages of thermally treated calcium carbide residue as solid Ca(OH)2 and CaO activators had been delved. Furthermore, an analysis of the phase change mechanism due to the incorporation of flue gas desulphurized gypsum (FGDG) into the CaO-activated slag binder was evaluated. The experimental studies of workability, setting behavior, heat release, thermal conductivity, shrinkage, compressive strength, etc. of composite alkali-activated binders made of a series of combinations of blended CCR, slag, and FGDG were carried out. In addition, microstructural examinations through X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were conducted for further assessments.
Based on the experimental results, it was observed that CCR underwent decarbonization at a temperature of 700°C and dehydration at a temperature of 400°C. Despite belonging to the same family of calcium, different chemical compositions exhibited varying activation behavior in slag. The study found that the 12% slag content was the best for CCR treated at 900°C based on compressive strengths after 28 and 56 days. The amounts of added activator up to 16% with the non-treated and 470°C CCRs showed continued improvement in strength. XRD analysis revealed that the thermal activation changed the composition of CCR from Ca(OH)2 to pure CaO with increasing temperature. The heat of hydration showed that the CCR treated at 900°C had a fascinating CaO moisture reaction, while non-treated and 470°C treated CCRs had a main composition of Ca(OH)2 and insignificant heat of hydration.
In addition, when 5% FGDG was added to CaO-based CCR treated at 900°C, the mechanical strength was significantly increased. The activated composite of 12% CCR showed a strength of 28.10 MPa after the age of 28 days, furthermore, when the FGDG was added, the strength increased by 54.27%. Throughout the hydration process, the ettringite and calcium hydroxide were the main components found in the hydrated gels of silica and alumina in all of the experimented combinations.

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