隨著網際網路的快速發展，現在能夠購物的通路越來越廣，也越來越容易。不過，新品購買後所延伸的問題很多，像是購買的商品有瑕疵或沒有達到消費者的需求或產品的生命週期已結束。新品有可能因消費者的個人因素或是產品本身有瑕疵而遭到退貨。在本文中，閉環式供應鏈是由一個供應商，一個零售商所組成。本文中，因為考慮了降低新品退貨，而發展出了四個分散式的供應鏈模型並分別求得閉鎖式的均衡解。本文採用Stackelberg博奕來解決本文的問題。基於所提出模型的最佳/均衡解決方案，本文應用了退貨率來比較四個分散模型的各個決策變數，例如利潤、價格、努力程度等。通過這些模式分析與數值驗證，本文可以發現退貨率的高低如何影響閉環式供應鏈中的最佳決策。結果顯示，製造商或零售商努力降低退貨量的情況下有更好的表現。

The Internet has developed quickly, making shopping channels more accessible and wide-ranging. However, numerous issues arise after purchasing a new product., such as the product you purchased is defective or does not meet the needs of consumers or the life cycle of the product has ended. New products may be returned due to consumer personal factors or defects in the product itself. A closed-loop supply chain in this study consists of just one retailer and one supplier. In this paper, considering the reduction of new product returns, The closed equilibrium solutions for four developed decentralized supply chain models are obtained. This paper adopts the Stackelberg game to solve the problem of this paper. Based on the proposed model's optimal/equilibrium solution, this paper applies the returns to compare the various decision variables, such as profit, price, effort, etc., of the four decentralized models. This study can learn how the returns affect the best choice in the closed-loop supply chain using pattern analysis and numerical verification. The results indicate that when manufacturers and retailers cooperate to minimize returns, performance is better.

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