本研究係以波束方向可變動的陣列天線為主題，開發不同形式的相控陣列天線。包含有傳統的相移器陣列天線及其控制電路開發；可分散配置放大器與簡化相移器控制電路的串列式相控陣列天線；以及在串列式陣列天線中以極長的相位延遲線達成使用較窄頻段實現波束頻率掃描的性能。
第一部分為提出以一應用於UHF頻段射頻標籤讀取器之相位控制陣列天線系統，該系統可直接與現有的射頻標籤讀取器結合使用，不需額外的軟體與硬體調整；透過陣列天線較集中的波束，以及使用圓極化陣列天線增加極化的多樣性，增加射頻標籤的讀取距離。
第二部分為因應近年來射頻無線供電的發展，設計出一串列式饋入的模組，透過增加串聯模組數量，達到高增益及高指向性波束方向可切換的特性，進而達到供應在複雜環境中無線感測網路的電力使用。
第三部分為串列式饋入的頻率掃描陣列天線，其特性為所需的掃描頻寬窄且架構簡單，同樣可透過增加串接模組提高其增益與指向性。該設計在修正模組間的相位差後可得到不錯的旁波瓣抑制效能。

Three types of beam scanning array antenna configuration are proposed in this work. The first design is a phased array antenna system applicable to UHF RFID system. Both the control circuits and interface programs are developed to form a complete system. The array antenna system can be treated as an add-on to the existing RFID reader. By using this beam switching array, the tag detection distance can be increased due to elevated antenna directivity. A circularly polarized patch array is used to further improve the detection rate.
The second phased array design is based on serially connected element modules. Each unit module contains a directional coupler, a phase shifter, an amplifier and an antenna. Beam scanning can be achieved with a common control voltage for phase shifters. Furthermore, directivity and radiated power can be elevated by connecting more modules. The proposed design may find applications on wireless charging and wireless sensor network.
The third array design is a frequency scanning array, which is adopted from the proposed serially connected phased array. By replacing phase shifters with very long cables, frequency scanning can be achieved within a narrow band. Since the required frequency scanning band is 60 MHz only, the proposed antenna may find applications in wireless communication standards for its spatial diversity.

[1] J. Landt, “The history of RFID,” IEEE Potentials, vol. 24, pp. 8-11, Oct.-Nov. 2005.
[2] 癮科技, 「舊金山金門大橋2012年全面採用電子收費系統」，http://chinese.engadget.com/2011/01/31/2012-golden-gate-bridge/。
[3] RFID Journal, 「Suppliers Must ‘Slap and Ship’」，http://www.rfidjournal.com/article/view/855。
[4] K. V. S. Rao, P. V. Nikitin, “Antenna design for UHF RFID tags : a review and a practical application,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 53, no.12, pp. 3870-3876, Dec. 2005.
[5] J. D. Kraus, R. J. Marhefka, Antennas for All Application, 3rd ed. Mc Graw Hill, 2002.
[6] P. J. Kahrilas, “Desugn of electronic scanning radar systems(ESRS),” in Proceeding of the IEEE, vol. 56, no.11, pp. 1763-1771, Nov. 1968.
[7] C.-T. Huang, L.-W. Lo, W.-L. Wang, “A study for optimizing the reading rate of RFID tagged cartons in palletizing process,” in IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, pp. 1138-1142, 2008.
[8] C.-H. Loo, A. Z. Elsherbeni, F. Yang, D. Kajfez, “Experimental and simulation investigation of RFID blind spots,” Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications, vol. 23, no. 5-6, pp. 747-760, 2009.
[9] Lazaro, D. Girbau, R. Villarino, “Effects of interferences in UHF RFID systems,” Progress in Electromagnetics Research, vol. 98, pp. 425-443, 2009.
[10] J. Johnson, R. Sainati, “Investigation of UHF RFID tag backscatter,” in IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, pp. 2753-2756, 2007.
[11] K. Arora, H. Mallinson, A. Kulkarni, J. Brusey, D. McFarlane, “The practical feasibility of using RFID in a metal environment,” in IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, pp. 1679-1683, 2007.
[12] 朱佑君，「天線阻抗匹配檢測系統開發與圓極化天線設計」，國立台灣科技大學電機工程研究所碩士論文，民國一百年。
[13] Wikipedia,「Wardenclyffe tower」，
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wardenclyffe_Tower。
[14] K. Kurs, A. Karalis, R. Moffatt, J. D. Joannopoulos, P. Fisher, M. Soljačić, “Wireless power transfer via strongly coupled magnetic resonances,” Science, vol. 317, no. 5834, pp. 83-86, 2007.
[15] D. W. Harrist, “Wireless battery charging system using radio frequency energy harvesting,” Master of Science Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 2004.
[16] 廖文照, 李威漢, 無線供電技術期末研究報告, 技術報告, 國立台灣科技大學, 2008.
[17] B. Tong, Z. Li, G. Wang, W. Zhang, “How wireless power charging technology affects sensor network deployment and routing,” in 30th IEEE International conference on ICDCS, pp. 438-447, Jun. 2010.
[18] W.-P. Choi, W.-C. Ho, X. Liu,S.-Y. Hui, “Comparative study on power conversion methods for wireless battery charging platform,” in 14th International Power Eletronics and Motion Control Conference (EPC/PEMC), vol. S15, pp. 9-16, 2010.
[19] Adeluyi, S. Moh, and J. Lee, “PEARSH: A power efficient algorithm for raising sensor half-life with wireless battery recharging module,” in IEEE Sensor Application Symposium, pp. 194-199, 2009.
[20] Z. Xi, Z. Xiaodong, Q. Wu, “Wireless charging system based on switched beam smart antenna technique,” in IEEE 2007 International Symposium on Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications, pp. 486-489, 2009.
[21] C.-H. Tsai, Y.-A. Yang, S.-J. Chung, K. Chang, “A novel amplifying antenna array using patch-antenna couplers-design and measurement,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 50, no 8, pp. 1919-1926, Aug. 2002.
[22] R. K. Mongia, I. J. Bahl, P. Bhartia, J. Hong, RF and Microwave Coupled-Line Circuits, 2nd ed., Norwood, MA:Artech House, 2007.
[23] 李榮坤，「無線行動通訊天線研究」，國立台灣科技大學電機工程研究所碩士論文，民國九十九年。
[24] W.-S. Jhong, W.-J. Liao, ”Serially-fed beam scanning antenna for wireless charging application,” in Proc. IEEE ICMTCE, pp. 297-300, May 2011.
[25] J. I. Upshur, B. D. Geller, “Low-loss 360° X-band analog phase shifter,” IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., vol. 1, pp. 487-490, May 1990.
[26] R. C. Hansen, Microwave Scanning Antennas, Peninsula Publishing, 1985.
[27] J. Volakis, Antenna Engineering Handbook, Mc Graw Hill, 2007.
[28] E. Hamidi, “Design, analysis and simulation of a C band frequency scanning slot-array antenna,” in ICCCE 2010, pp. 1-5, May 2011.
[29] H. Wang, P. Ge, D. G. Fang, X.-F. Ma, W.-X. Sheng, “A low loss frequency scanning planar array using hybrid coupling,” in ICMMT 2010 Proc., pp. 1908-1911, May 2010.
[30] H. Wang, P. Ge, D. G. Fang, X.-F. Ma, W.-X. Sheng, “A novel frequency scanning monopulse microstrip antenna array,” in ICMMT 2011 Proc., pp. 1118-1121, May 2011.
[31] A. Fackelmeier, E.M. Biebl, “Narrowband frequency scanning array antenna at 5.8 ghz for short range imaging,” in IEEE-MTT Int. Symp. Dig.,pp. 1266-1269, May 2010.
[32] W. Menzel, “A new travelling wave antenna in microstrip,” in 8th European Microwave Conference, pp. 302-306, 1978.
[33] C. Caloz, T. Itoh, Electromagnetic Metamaterials: Transmission Line Theory and Microwave Applications, Wiley, NJ, 2006.
[34] S. Matsuzawa, K. Sato, A. Sanada, H. Kubo, S. Aso, “Left-handed leaky wave antenna for millimeter-wave applications,” in Proc. IEEE Int.Workshop on Antenna Technology Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, pp. 183-186, Mar. 2005.
[35] K. Sakakibara, T. Ikeda, N. Kikuma, H. Hirayama, “Beam scanning performance of leaky-wave slot array on left-handed waveguide,” in IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium, pp. 5821-5824, 2007.
[36] T. Iwasaki, H. Kamoda, T. Derham, T. Kuki, “A composite right/left-handed rectangular waveguide with tilted corrugations for millimeter-wave frequency scanning antenna,” in 38th European Microwave Conference, pp. 563-566, 2008.
[37] D. K. Cheng, Field and Wave Electromagnetics, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, 1989.