在多躍式無線骨幹網路的環境下，參考論文[14]中提出了漣波(Ripple)協定，讓節點在傳輸封包時避免彼此碰撞，並使空間重覆利用(spatial reuse)最大化。而本篇論文所提出之實體層載波偵測漣波協定(Physical-carrier-sensing-based Ripple, PCS-Ripple)，將把漣波協定中，『節點傳輸與干擾範圍相等』以及『資料訊框大小固定』等兩個理想的假設移除，並且考慮了遮蔽效應(shadowing effect)的影響。而在本篇論文中也利用數學進行分析，並利用NS-2進行模擬，驗證了分析的正確性。模擬結果顯示，在流量處於高負載的形況下，PCS-Ripple可以比802.11 DCF達到更高且更穩定的效能。

In [14], a Ripple protocol was proposed to maximize the spatial reuse and protect nodes from unintentional packet collisions for a chain-based multihop wireless backhaul network (MWBN). A physical-carrier-sensing-based Ripple (PCS-Ripple) protocol is then presented to remove assumptions of ‘identical data transmission time’ and ‘identical interference range and transmission range’ in Ripple, and the shadowing effect was considered. An analytical model is further presented to estimate the performance of PCS-Ripple. The effectiveness of PCS-Ripple and the accuracy of the analysis were verified via NS-2. Simulation results indicate that PCS-Ripple achieved stable and higher throughput than that of 802.11 DCF in highly loaded situations.

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