智慧城市(smart city)是運用資通訊技術(Information and Communication Technology, ICT)結合知識創新，為城市的社會、經濟、環境帶來永續並提供人們更好的生活，成為近年來全球城市發展的重要趨勢。智慧城市的理論與實證研究相當多元，然而，鮮少有文章討論過往智慧城市科學研究的成長脈絡，因此本研究歸納整理智慧城市的學術文獻，期望能更深入瞭解智慧城市的演進、不同階段的發展以及關注的焦點。

本研究透過Scopus資料庫，蒐集1990年至2017年智慧城市相關學術文獻，總計1,359筆有效樣本。以主路徑分析法，呈現智慧城市的整體和分階段的科學知識發展，再藉由集群分析法將文獻系統化分類，找出不同的重要議題。

從主路徑的結果發現，整體知識軌跡出現兩大脈絡，其一為城市轉型與永續潮流，其二為城市智慧化發展與科技應用，兩大內容皆提到社會、經濟與環境平衡的概念。不同時代對智慧城市關注的研究重點，從三個時點，看出不同方向，在1990-2000年，聚焦城市轉型與綠色趨勢；2001-2010年，則加入政策角色，探討城市永續型態與政策規劃；2011-2017年，強調智慧城市的科技應用，隨著時代進步，科技的元素更加突顯，成為實現永續的必要工具。智慧城市的研究結果中，顯示主要的六個子題，包含：智慧城市與科技、創業與生態觀點下的城市發展、創意城市規劃與落實、城市永續的定義與指標、城市永續政策、美國城市的政策與永續發展。最後，整合前述成果，進行比較分析，說明理論與實務上的貢獻，期望讓學者們更有效率地瞭解智慧城市的知識演進，也為城市管理者提供施政方針，建構城市的永續發展。

“Smart city” is an important trend that has changed global urban development in recent years through the use of information and communication technologies, combined with knowledge innovation, to bring resilience to the city's social, economic and environmental conditions and to provide a better life for people. However, few articles discussed the growth trajectory of scientific research related to smart cities in the past. Therefore, this study sums up the academic literature of smart cities and aims at gaining a better understanding of the evolution of smart cities, development in different stages and focus of topics.

Through the Scopus database, this study collects the relevant academic literature of smart city from 1990 to 2017, and got 1,359 valid samples. By main path analysis, we identify the overall and phased scientific knowledge development from the smart city relevant studies. The other analysis, cluster analysis, helps to identify different major topics in a systematic way.

From the results of main path analysis, we found that there are two main contexts of the overall knowledge network. One is “Urban Transformation and Sustainable Development”. The other is “Application of Smart Cities and Technologies”. Both of them contain the concept of social, economic and environmental balance. In different periods, the focus of research on smart cities has been pointed out. From three stages, different perspectives were identified. From 1990 to 2000, the focus was on urban transformation and green trends. From 2001 to 2010, policy roles were added to explore sustainable urban forms and policy planning. From 2011 to 2017, most of studies focused on the application of science and technology in smart cities. With the progress of era, more prominent technological elements, as necessary tools, help to achieve sustainable development. The results of cluster analysis show six important subtopics, including “Smart City and Technology”, “Entrepreneurial and Ecological Urban Development”, “Creative City Planning and Implementation”, “Urban Sustainability Definition and Indicators”, “Urban Sustainability Policy”, “American Urban Policy and Sustainable Development”. In the end, the aforementioned results are integrated and analyzed comparatively to illustrate the contributions made in theory and practice. The scholars aiming at smart city studies can learn more about the knowledge evolution of smart cities efficiently and effectively. Moreover, the results also provide the latest critical issues that policy makers could learn for future practical planning.

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