本研究主要是將Ba0.88(Nd1.40Bi0.42La0.30)Ti4O12,B(NBL)T微波陶瓷與含鹼金族硼矽玻璃在低溫燒結下探討其微結構與介電性質。所添加的玻璃成份體積比例分別為50vol%、55vol%和60vol%，由膨脹計顯示出添加55vol%及60vol%的玻璃成份在燒結溫度高於900℃可達到超過90%理論密度。由燒結密度得知添加50及55vol%玻璃時，密度隨著燒結溫度增加而增加。但添加60vol%的玻璃成份在燒結溫度大於800℃時其密度開始減少。此外，燒結收縮行為與燒結密度的趨勢相似。
由二次電子影像得知B(NBL)T微波陶瓷會隨溫度增加而產生柱狀結晶，從背向散射電子影像可以發現，當添加玻璃成份時，其晶粒形態在燒結溫度高於850℃發生改變。由X-ray觀察得知，B(NBL)T微波陶瓷其繞射強度最高的結晶面為(401)，隨著玻璃成份的添加，其最高的結晶面轉為(320)。另外發現，除了結晶面的擇優取向改變之外，也伴隨著晶格常數的變化。造成此種現象為高溫時伴隨著離子交換機制發生，由玻璃與陶瓷製作而成的反應偶得知，鈉、鉀、鈣離子擴散於B(NBL)T相中，及鋇離子溶解於玻璃中。由於離子交換的現象也使得玻璃轉換溫度與軟化溫度提高，以至於需添加55vol%以上的玻璃才可達到高的緻密度。
此種離子交換現象也降低了此材料的介電損失，當添加55vol%的玻璃成份在燒結溫度950℃持溫兩小時有較佳的介電性質(εr = 23.2, tanδ = 4.1×10-3, Q×f = 1620GHz, f = 6.67GHz)，但是添加過多的液相，雖可促進緻密化亦會對整體介電行為造成影響。

The microstructures and dielectric properties of Ba0.88(Nd1.40Bi0.42La0.30)Ti4O12, B(NBL)T/alkali-borosilicate glass composites were investigated in this study, with the volume percentage of the glass phase in the composite being either 50, 55, or 60 vol%. Dilatometric study indicated that the composites could be sintered to close to or above 90% of theoretical density at temperatures higher than 900℃ for the composites with 55 vol% and 60 vol% glass additions. Sintered density measurement indicated that the density increased with increase in sintering temperature for the composite with 50 vol% and 55 vol% glass additions, but, at sintering temperature higher than 800℃, the density decreased for the composite with 60 vol% glass addition. Similar trends were also observed for sintered shrinkage.
It can be observed from SEM micrographs that the B(NBL)T microwave ceramic developed into elongated grains at high sintering temperatures. When added with glass, grain morphology changed, especially at sintering temperatures higher than 850℃. Observation based on XRD patterns indicated that the peak of highest intensity in the B(NBL)T crystal belongs to the (401) crystal plane, while that in the B(NBL)T/glass composites to the (320) crystal plane. Along with the change in crystalline preferred orientation, the lattice constants of the crystal also changed. Such a development of preferred orientation in B(NBL)T crystals was caused by an ionic exchange phenomenon where the Na, K, and Ca ions in the glass phase diffused into the B(NBL)T ceramic phase and the Ba ions in the B(NBL)T ceramic phase dissolved into the glass phase. Due to such an ionic exchange phenomenon, the glass transition temperature and softening temperature of the glass phase increased and a high sintered density could be achieved only when the glass phase addition was higher than 55 vol%.
The ionic exchange phenomenon also resulted in the decrease of dielectric loss of the composites. Sintered at 950℃ for 2 hours, the composite with 55 vol% glass yielded the highest dielectric constant (εr = 23.2), the lowest dielectric loss (tanδ = 4.1×10-3), and a high Q×f value (Q×f = 1620 GHz, f = 6.67 GHz). Such a result arose from the competitive consequences of adding glass to the dielectric ceramic, in which the glass phase enhanced the dielectric properties of the composite by promoting densification, but also reduced these properties due to its inferior dielectric properties in the microwave range.

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