本研究發展以Top-down之合成策略，直接以微米級金屬為前驅物，佐以葡萄糖與氧化石墨烯分散液，成功以水熱法製作出奈米級Graphene@MOx/C (M=Sn、Mn)複合材料。石墨烯材料的導入提升了碳多醣(Carbonaceous polysaccharide,CPS)複合材料之導電度，更可以藉此改善合金材料之循環壽命與質傳阻抗。Graphene@SnO2/C 複合材料在200次循環後達到427mAh/g之電容量。於錳金屬應用之方面，吾人利用相同的水熱操作條件，合成出具8至10 nm晶粒大小Graphene@MnCO3/C 複合材料。於400oC熱處理後成功將其轉變為具電化學活性之Graphene@Mn3O4/C複合材料。在鋰離子二次電池之應用上具有438mAh/g之電容量，首圈庫倫效率約達到50%，成功將葡萄糖氧化法延展至第二金屬系統。

In this work Graphene @ MOx/C (M=Sn、Mn) composite was synthesized through a top-down strategy. In the synthesis procedure, micro-sized metal powder, glucose and 1wt% graphene oxide suspension was directly employed as the precursor. Under hydrothermal reaction conditions, micro-sized metal powders were broken down in to nano-sized, highly dispersed particles. The participation of graphene in this composite increase the electronic conductivity of carbonaceous polysaccharide based hybrid materials and is proven to be beneficial to the capacity retention and also the diffusion resistance. More than 427 mAh/g of reversible capacity is achieved with Graphene @ SnO2/C composite-based half cell at a current density of 200mA/g up to the 200th cycle.
A manganese-based graphene @ MnCO3/C synthesized following the same procedure was also performed. In this case, micro-sized manganese metal was transformed into 8-10 nm sized Manganese carbonate. After 400oC heat treatment, a new kind of electrochemically active compound grapheme @ Mn3O4/C was formed. Cycling under the current density of 200 mA/g a capacity of 438mAh/g was reached up to the 30th cycle.

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