現今多媒體串流已成為網路服務中的主要項目，並且佔據了大部分的網路流量。為了提高多媒體伺服器的網路效能，以及保證串流過程中的封包完整性；本篇論文基於軟體定義網路技術提出了多媒體網路伺服器架構以及SVC影像串流路由演算法。基於軟體定義網路以及虛擬化技術所提出的多媒體伺服器架構，相較傳統的虛擬平台有68%的網路頻寬提升。同時，藉由SDN平台的優勢，我們提出的伺服器架構與傳統架構相比，更容易讓使用者在其中實現網路管理服務，如防火牆等等。除此之外，為了提高多媒體串流在傳輸過程中的完整性，我們提出了針對SVC影像串流的QoS路由演算法。我們提出的演算法能夠藉由SDN技術來獲得網路環境中的頻寬、延遲、封包丟失率，來算出一條具有最佳狀態的路徑，並且自動指派SVC串流的路徑。實驗結果顯示，和其他相關研究以及傳統路由方法相比，我們提出的路由演算法更能夠提高影像串流過程中的完整性，使使用者得到更完整的影像內容，進而提升觀賞串流時的影像品質以及穩定性。

Media steaming has become a rapid growing network service and occupied most of traffics in the network. In order to improve the network performance of media server using virtual technologies and to maintain the integrity of media content during streaming, this thesis presents a high-performance media server architecture and the Quality of Service (QoS) routing algorithm for SVC based streaming with Software Defined Networking (SDN) technology. Based on the SDN technology and Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM) platform, the network performance of the virtual media server improves by 68% comparing to the traditional KVM virtual server. Meanwhile, with the help of SDN technology, this media server solution has much more flexibility to implement more network service applications. In addition, in order to main the integrity of media data during the transmission, a novel QoS routing algorithm is proposed. This algorithm considers network information including bandwidth, delay, and packet loss and automatically deploys the routes for Scalable Video Coding (SVC) stream, so that the quality of media that user received can be guaranteed. The experimental results show that, compared to traditional shortest path routing and reference work, the proposed routing algorithm reduces the packet loss of streaming and provides higher quality of media content for users.

[1] M. Tan and X. Su, “Media Cloud: When Media Revolution Meets Rise of Cloud Computing,” IEEE Int. Symp. Service Oriented System Engineering (SOEE), pp. 251-261, Dec. 2011.
[2] Cisco, “Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update 2014–2019 White Paper,” Feb. 2015 [Online] Available: http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/collateral/service-provider/visual-networking-index-vni/white_paper_c11-520862.html
[3] A. Petlund, K. Evensen, C. Griwodz and P. Halvorsen “TCP mechanisms for improving the user experience for time-dependent thin-stream applications,” IEEE Int. Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN), pp.176-183, Oct. 2008.
[4] W.-Y. Jeong, Y. Lee, and J.-S. Kim “A High-Performance Media Streaming Architecture Based on KVM,” IEEE Int. Conference on Parallel, Distributed, and Network-Based Processing, pp. 203-206. Mar. 2015.
[5] Y. Junhao and L. Aili “Research on the application of virtualization technology in high performance computing,” IEEE Symposium on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEESYM), pp.386-388, June. 2012
[6] T. C. Bressoud and F. B. Schneider, “Hypervisor-Based Fault-Tolerance,” ACM Trans. Computer Systems(TOCS), Vol. 14, pp. 80-107, Feb. 1996.
[7] R. Morabito, J. Kjällman, and M. Komu, “Hypervisors vs. Lightweight Virtualization: a Performance Comparison,” IEEE Int. Conference on Cloud Engineering, pp. 386-393, Mar. 2015.
[8] P. V. V. Reddy, “Virtualization overhead findings of four hypervisors in the CloudStack with SIGAR,” IEEE World Congress on Information and Communication Technologies (WICT), pp. 140-145, Dec. 2014.
[9] H. F. Zhu, J. P. Lehoczky, J. P. Hansen and R. Rajkumar “Design trade-offs for networks with soft end-to-end timing constraints,” IEEE Int. Real-Time and Embedded Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS), pp. 413-422, May. 2004
[10] R. Braden, D. Clark, and S. Shenker, “Integrated services in the internet architecture: an overview,” RFC 1633, Internet Engineering Task Force, June 1994.
[11] S. Blake, D. Black, M. Carlson, E. Dabies, Z. Wang, and W. Weiss, “An architecture for different services,” RFC 2475, Internet Engineering Task Force, Dec. 1998.
[12] J. Wang and K. Nahrstedt, “Hop-by-hop routing algorithms for premium-class traffic in DiffServ networks,” IEEE INFOCOM, vol. 2, pp. 705-714, 2002.
[13] M. Shoaib, M. Waheed “Streaming Video in Cellular Networks Using Scalable Video Coding Extension of H.264-AVC,” IEEE Int. Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing, pp. 1-4. Oct. 2008.
[14] H. E. Egilmez, S. Civanlar and A. M. Tekalp, “An Optimization Framework for QoS-Enabled Adaptive Video Streaming Over OpenFlow Networks,” IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, vol. 15, pp. 710-715, April. 2013.
[15] H. Schwarz, D. Marpe, and T. Wiegand, “Overview of the scalable video coding extension of the H.264/AVC standard,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol, vol. 17, no. 9, pp. 1103–1120, Sep. 2007.
[16] H. Sun, A. Vetro, J. Xin, H. Sun, A. Vetro, and J. Xin, “An overview of scalable video streaming,” Wireless Commun. Mobile Comput., vol. 7, pp. 159–172, Feb. 2007.
[17] N. McKeown, “Software-defined networking,” INFOCOM keynote talk, Apr, 2009.
[18] N. McKeown, T. Anderson, H. Balakrishnan, G. Parulkar, L. Peterson, J. Rexford, S. Shenker and J. Turner ”Openflow: Enabling Innocation in Campus Networks,” ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, vol. 38, no.2, pp.69-74, Apr. 2008.
[19] Pfaff. B, Pettit. et al. “The Design and Implementation of Open vSwitch,” USENIX Symp. on Networked Systems Design and Implementation (NSDI), May. 2015.
[20] A. Kivity, Y. Kamay, D. Laor, U. Lublin and A. Liguori, “Kvm: the Linux virtual machine monitor,” Linux Symp. pp. 225-230. 2007.
[21] R. J. Srodawa and L. A. Bates, “An efficient virtual machine implementation,” Proceedings of the workshop on virtual computer system, pp. 43-73. 1973.
[22] A. Kivity, Y. Kamay, D. Laor, U. Lublin and A. Liguori, “Kvm: the Linux virtual machine monitor,” Linux Symp., pp. 225-230, 2007.
[23] R. J. Srodawa and L. A. Bates, “An efficient virtual machine implementation,” Proceedings of the workshop on virtual computer system, pp. 43-73, 1973.
[24] R. Butler, Z. Lowry and C. C. Pettey, “Virtual clusters,” Int. Conference on Systems Engineering (ICSEng), pp. 70-75, Aug. 2005.
[25] Li Zhenjiang, J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves, “Solving the multi-constrained path selection problem by using depth first search,” IEEE Int. Conference on Quality of Service in Heterogeneous Wired/Wireless Networks, pp. 9-15, Aug. 2005.
[26] Z. Wang and J. Crowcroft, “Quality-of-service routing for supporting multimedia applications,” IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 1228–1234, Sep. 1996.
[27] S. Laga, T. V. Cleemput, F. V. Raemdonck, F. Vanhoutee, N. Bouten, M. Claeys and F. D. Turck “Optimizing Scalable Video Delivery Through OpenFlow Layer-based Routing,” IEEE Symp. On Network Operations and Management, pp 1-4, May. 2014
[28] T.-F. Yu, K. Wang and Y.-H. Hsu, “Adaptive routing for video streaming with QoS support over SDN networks,” IEEE Int. Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN), pp. 318-323, Jan. 2015.
[29] A. Juttner, B. Szviatovski, I. Mecs, and Z. Rajko, “Lagrange relaxation based method for the QoS routing problem,” Proc. Of the IEEE INFOCOM, vol. 2, pp. 859-868, Apr. 2001.
[30] X. Wei, X. Wu and Y. Liu, “A Network Monitor System Model with Performance Feedback Function,” IEEE Int. Conference on E-Business and Information System Security, pp. 1-5, May. 2009
[31] R. K. K. et al. “sNICh: Efficient last hop networking in the data center,” ACM IEEE Symp. on Architectures for Networking and Communications System (ANCS), pp. 1-12, Oct. 2010.
[32] N. Varis. “Anatomy of a Linux Bridge,” December 2012.
[33] Y. Liu “Design and Implementation of Performance Testing Utility for RTSP Streaming Media Server,” International Conference on Pervasive Computing Signal Processing and Applications (PCSPA), pp. 193-196. Sept. 2010.
[34] Jellyfish Video Bitrate Test Files [Online] Available: http://jell.yfish.us/
[35] H. F. Salama, D. S. Reeves and Y. Viniotis “Evaluation of multicast routing algorithms for real-time communication on high-speed networks,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 15, Issue. 3, pp 332-345, Apr. 1997
[36] J. Beasley and N. Christofides, “An Algorithm for the Resource Constrained Shortest Path Problem,” Networks, 19, pp. 379-394. 1989
[37] S. Kim, A. V. Veidenbaum “The effect of limited network bandwidth and its utilization by latency hiding techniques in large-scale shared memory systems,” IEEE Int. Conference on Parallel Architectures and Compilation Technique., pp. 40-51, Nov. 1997.
[38] W. Chen, “A novel real-time scheduling algorithm based on real-time stream media,” IEEE Int. Conference on Intelligent Computing and Intelligent Systems (ICIS), pp. 549-553, Oct. 2010.
[39] Y. Xia o, K. Thulasiraman, G. Xue, and A. Juttner, “The constrained shortest path problem: Algorithmic approaches and an algebraic study with generalization,” AKCE J. Graphs. Combin., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 63–86, 2005.
[40] “Mininet” [Online]. Available: http://mininet.org/
[41] “OpenDaylight” [Online]. Available: https://www.opendaylight.org/