本研究以氣候變遷為議題，探討相關訊息的媒體曝光對學生持有的氣候變遷知識、信念和環境行為意圖之關聯，探討氣候變遷環境知識和信念是否是潛在調節變項。本研究以線上問卷調查台灣北部四所大學共301名台灣大學生和研究生接觸氣候變遷媒體訊息的管道與頻率、持有的環境知識、氣候變遷信念和從事友善環境行為的意圖，後續進行各變項的描述性統計和以偏最小平方法的結構方程模式（PLS-SEM）調查潛在變項之間關係。研究結果顯示，氣候變遷資訊的媒體曝光與學生友善環境的行為意圖和關注氣候變遷信念之間有顯著正向關聯。然而，氣候變遷資訊媒體曝光的多寡與學生的氣候變遷環境知識和行為意向沒有直接關連。本研究之結果提出一個可能加強學生的氣候資訊媒體曝光與其友善環境行為意圖關連的機制，可以幫助老師和內容創作者在傳達有關環境，特別是氣候變遷的信息時，做更好的決策。

This study investigated the influence of students' media exposure on their environmental behavioral intentions concerning climate change. Moreover, it proposed that environmental knowledge and climate change beliefs may serve as potential mediators in this relationship. The data for this study were collected from 301 Taiwanese undergraduate and graduate students from four universities in Northern Taiwan. An online questionnaire was given that consisted of four components regarding media exposure, environmental knowledge, climate change belief, and environmental behavioral intention. The researcher explained the purpose of the study and the importance of the respondents’ contribution in person to increase their participation. Descriptive data analyses were conducted and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) analyses were performed utilizing SmartPLS 4.0.9 software. The findings revealed positive relationships among the students' media exposure, environmental behavioral intentions, and their climate change beliefs. However, no direct relationship was observed between media exposure with environmental knowledge and behavioral intention. This study has explored a possible pathway to strengthen the students’ pro-environmental behavioral intention through their media exposure. The results have implications for teachers and content creators to make better decisions when trying to convey information about the environment, especially climate change.

Abidin, C., Brockington, D., Goodman, M. K., Mostafanezhad, M., & Richey, L. A. (2020). The tropes of celebrity environmentalism. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 45, 387-410.
Ahern, L. (2012). The role of media system development in the emergence of postmaterialist values and environmental concern: A cross‐national analysis. Social Science Quarterly, 93(2), 538-557.
Ai, P., Li, W., & Yang, W. (2021). Adolescents’ social media use and their voluntary garbage sorting intention: A sequential mediation model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 8119.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211.
Akerlof, K., & Maibach, E. W. (2011). A rose by any other name...?: What members of the general public prefer to call “climate change” A letter. Climatic Change, 106, 699-710.
Alhabash, S., McAlister, A. R., Lou, C., & Hagerstrom, A. (2015). From clicks to behaviors: The mediating effect of intentions to like, share, and comment on the relationship between message evaluations and offline behavioral intentions. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 15(2), 82-96.
Alisat, S., & Riemer, M. (2015). The environmental action scale: Development and psychometric evaluation. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 43, 13-23.
Amoah, A., & Addoah, T. (2021). Does environmental knowledge drive pro-environmental behaviour in developing countries? Evidence from households in Ghana. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(2), 2719-2738.
Anderson, A. A. (2017). Effects of social media use on climate change opinion, knowledge, and behavior. In Oxford research encyclopedia of climate science. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.369
Bamberg, S., Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2003). Choice of travel mode in the theory of planned behavior: The roles of past behavior, habit, and reasoned action. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 25(3), 175-187.
Bamberg, S., & Möser, G. (2007). Twenty years after Hines, Hungerford, and Tomera: A new meta-analysis of psycho-social determinants of pro-environmental behaviour. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(1), 14-25.
Barr, S., & Gilg, A. (2006). Sustainable lifestyles: Framing environmental action in and around the home. Geoforum, 37(6), 906-920.
Boerschig, S., & De Young, R. (1993). Evaluation of selected recycling curricula: Educating the green citizen. The Journal of Environmental Education, 24(3), 17-22.
Bord, R. J., O'connor, R. E., & Fisher, A. (2000). In what sense does the public need to understand global climate change? Public Understanding of Science, 9(3), 205.
Bradley, J. C., Waliczek, T. M., & Zajicek, J. M. (1999). Relationship between environmental knowledge and environmental attitude of high school students. The Journal of Environmental Education, 30(3), 17-21.
Bremer, J., & Linnenluecke, M. K. (2017). Determinants of the perceived importance of organisational adaptation to climate change in the Australian energy industry. Australian Journal of Management, 42(3), 502-521.
Brother, L., Engel, M. H., & Krooss, B. M. (1991). The effects of fluid flow through porous media on the distribution of organic compounds in a synthetic crude oil. Organic Geochemistry, 17(1), 11-24.
Brucks, M. (1985). The effects of product class knowledge on information search behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(1), 1-16.
Burton, R. J., & Riley, M. (2018). Traditional ecological knowledge from the internet? The case of hay meadows in Europe. Land Use Policy, 70, 334-346.
Butta, A. R., & MH, H. B. (2019). Pro-environmental behaviors and ecological responsibilities: an evaluation of Pakistani university students’ behavioral intentions towards climate change. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research, 45(1), 129-153.
Carvalho, A. (2010). Media (ted) discourses and climate change: a focus on political subjectivity and (dis) engagement. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 1(2), 172-179.
Casaló, L. V., Flavián, C., & Ibáñez-Sánchez, S. (2017). Antecedents of consumer intention to follow and recommend an Instagram account. Online Information Review.
Chen, M.-F., & Tung, P.-J. (2014). Developing an extended theory of planned behavior model to predict consumers’ intention to visit green hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 36, 221-230.
Chin, W. W. (2009). How to write up and report PLS analyses. In Handbook of partial least squares: Concepts, methods and applications (pp. 655-690). Springer.
Christensen, R., & Knezek, G. (2015). The climate change attitude survey: Measuring middle school student beliefs and intentions to enact positive environmental change. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education, 10(5), 773-788.
Chu, S.-C., & Kim, Y. (2011). Determinants of consumer engagement in electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in social networking sites. International Journal of Advertising, 30(1), 47-75.
Corral-Verdugo, V., Mireles-Acosta, J. F., Tapia-Fonllem, C., & Fraijo-Sing, B. (2011). Happiness as correlate of sustainable behavior: A study of pro-ecological, frugal, equitable and altruistic actions that promote subjective wellbeing. Human Ecology Review, 95-104.
Croteau, D., & Hoynes, W. (2013). Media/society: Industries, images, and audiences. Sage Publications.
De Leeuw, A., Valois, P., Ajzen, I., & Schmidt, P. (2015). Using the theory of planned behavior to identify key beliefs underlying pro-environmental behavior in high-school students: Implications for educational interventions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 42, 128-138.
De Vreese, C. H., & Neijens, P. (2016). Measuring media exposure in a changing communications environment. Communication Methods and Measures, 10(2-3), 69-80.
Diamantopoulos, A., Schlegelmilch, B. B., Sinkovics, R. R., & Bohlen, G. M. (2003). Can socio-demographics still play a role in profiling green consumers? A review of the evidence and an empirical investigation. Journal of Business Research, 56(6), 465-480.
Fishbein, M., & Hornik, R. (2008). Measuring media exposure: An introduction to the special issue. Communication Methods and Measures, 2(1-2), 1-5.
Frick, J., Kaiser, F. G., & Wilson, M. (2004). Environmental knowledge and conservation behavior: Exploring prevalence and structure in a representative sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 37(8), 1597-1613.
Fryxell, G. E., & Lo, C. W. (2003). The influence of environmental knowledge and values on managerial behaviours on behalf of the environment: An empirical examination of managers in China. Journal of Business Ethics, 46(1), 45-69.
Gardner, B., & Abraham, C. (2010). Going green? Modeling the impact of environmental concerns and perceptions of transportation alternatives on decisions to drive. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 40(4), 831-849.
Garrett, R. K., Gvirsman, S. D., Johnson, B. K., Tsfati, Y., Neo, R., & Dal, A. (2014). Implications of pro-and counterattitudinal information exposure for affective polarization. Human Communication Research, 40(3), 309-332.
Gifford, R., & Nilsson, A. (2014). Personal and social factors that influence pro‐environmental concern and behaviour: A review. International Journal of Psychology, 49(3), 141-157.
Gilg, A., Barr, S., & Ford, N. (2005). Green consumption or sustainable lifestyles? Identifying the sustainable consumer. Futures, 37(6), 481-504.
Gkargkavouzi, A., Halkos, G., & Matsiori, S. (2019). How do motives and knowledge relate to intention to perform environmental behavior? Assessing the mediating role of constraints. Ecological Economics, 165, 106394.
Goldman, D., Yavetz, B., & Pe'er, S. (2006). Environmental literacy in teacher training in Israel: Environmental behavior of new students. The Journal of Environmental Education, 38(1), 3-22.
Gong, X., Zhang, J., Zhang, H., Cheng, M., Wang, F., & Yu, N. (2020). Internet use encourages pro-environmental behavior: Evidence from China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 256, 120725.
Griffin, R. J., Dunwoody, S., & Neuwirth, K. (1999). Proposed model of the relationship of risk information seeking and processing to the development of preventive behaviors. Environmental Research, 80(2), S230-S245.
Guo, M., & Sun, F.-S. (2020). Like, comment, or share? Exploring the effects of local television news Facebook posts on news engagement. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 64(5), 736-755.
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24.
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Mena, J. A. (2012). An assessment of the use of partial least squares structural equation modeling in marketing research. Journal of The Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3), 414-433.
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage publications.
Hair Jr, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Hopkins, L., & Kuppelwieser, V. G. (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. European Business Review, 26(2), 106-121.
Hamid, S., Ijab, M. T., Sulaiman, H., Anwar, R. M., & Norman, A. A. (2017). Social media for environmental sustainability awareness in higher education. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 18(4), 474-491.
Han, R., & Xu, J. (2020). A comparative study of the role of interpersonal communication, traditional media and social media in pro-environmental behavior: A China-based study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(6), 1883.
Hansen, A. (2018). Environment, media and communication. Routledge.
Hassan, L., Shaw, D., Shiu, E., Walsh, G., & Parry, S. (2013). Uncertainty in ethical consumer choice: a conceptual model. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 12(3), 182-193.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. In New challenges to international marketing. Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Herzog, K. (2016). Fake news is old news to climate scientists. Available from: Retrieved from https://grist.org/article/fake-news-is-old-news-to-climate-scientists/[Accessed 6th May 2019].
Ho, S. S., Looi, J., Leong, A. D., & Leung, Y. W. (2019). Explicating factual and subjective science knowledge: Knowledge as a mediator of news attention and attitudes. Asian Journal of Communication, 29(1), 73-91.
Holbert, R. L., Kwak, N., & Shah, D. V. (2003). Environmental concern, patterns of television viewing, and pro-environmental behaviors: Integrating models of media consumption and effects. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 47(2), 177-196.
Höttecke, D., & Allchin, D. (2020). Reconceptualizing nature‐of‐science education in the age of social media. Science Education, 104(4), 641-666.
Hsu, S.-J., & Roth, R. E. (1996). An assessment of environmental knowledge and attitudes held by community leaders in the Hualien area of Taiwan. The Journal of Environmental Education, 28(1), 24-31.
Huang, H. (2016). Media use, environmental beliefs, self-efficacy, and pro-environmental behavior. Journal of Business Research, 69(6), 2206-2212.
Hungerford, H. R., & Peyton, R. B. (1977). A paradigm of environmental action. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED137116.pdf
Incekara, S., Tuna, F., & Dogan, Z. (2011). Upper primary school Students’ perceptions of environmental issues: A case study from turkey. Ozean Journal of Applied Sciences, 4(3), 245-250.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2007). Climate change 2007: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability: working group II contribution to the intergovernmental panel on climate change fourth assessment report, summary for policymakers. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/ar4_wg2_full_report.pdf
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2014). Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III (WG3) to the Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). (2018). Special report on global warming of 1.5°C. https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/
Jain, S. K., & Kaur, G. (2004). Green marketing: An attitudinal and behavioural analysis of Indian consumers. Global Business Review, 5(2), 187-205.
Jama, O. M., Diriye, A. W., & Abdi, A. M. (2022). Understanding young people’s perception toward forestation as a strategy to mitigate climate change in a post-conflict developing country. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 1-25.
Janmaimool, P., & Khajohnmanee, S. (2019). Roles of environmental system knowledge in promoting university students’ environmental attitudes and pro-environmental behaviors. Sustainability, 11(16), 4270.
Jensen, B. B. (2002). Knowledge, action and pro-environmental behaviour. Environmental Education Research, 8(3), 325-334.
Jeong, S.-H., Cho, H., & Hwang, Y. (2012). Media literacy interventions: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Communication, 62(3), 454-472.
Jiang, Y., & Gao, Y. (2019). Factors that influence potential green hotel customers’ decision-making process–evidence from China. Journal of China Tourism Research, 15(4), 455-477.
Kahan, D. M., Peters, E., Wittlin, M., Slovic, P., Ouellette, L. L., Braman, D., & Mandel, G. (2012). The polarizing impact of science literacy and numeracy on perceived climate change risks. Nature Climate Change, 2(10), 732-735.
Kahlor, L., & Rosenthal, S. (2009). If we seek, do we learn? Predicting knowledge of global warming. Science Communication, 30(3), 380-414.
Karahan, E., & Roehrig, G. (2015). Constructing media artifacts in a social constructivist environment to enhance students’ environmental awareness and activism. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 24(1), 103-118.
Karimi, S., Liobikienė, G., Saadi, H., & Sepahvand, F. (2021). The Influence of Media Usage on Iranian Students’ Pro-Environmental Behaviors: An Application of the Extended Theory of Planned Behavior. Sustainability, 13(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158299
Kennedy, E. H., Beckley, T. M., McFarlane, B. L., & Nadeau, S. (2009). Why we don't" walk the talk": Understanding the environmental values/behaviour gap in Canada. Human Ecology Review, 151-160.
Kline, R. B. (2023). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.
Kotchen, M. J., & Reiling, S. D. (2000). Environmental attitudes, motivations, and contingent valuation of nonuse values: a case study involving endangered species. Ecological Economics, 32(1), 93-107.
Krebs, I., & Lischka, J. A. (2019). Is audience engagement worth the buzz? The value of audience engagement, comment reading, and content for online news brands. Journalism, 20(6), 714-732.
Kumar, V., & Nanda, P. (2019). Social media in higher education: A framework for continuous engagement. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education (IJICTE), 15(1), 97-108.
Kwon, S.-A., Kim, S., & Lee, J. E. (2019). Analyzing the determinants of individual action on climate change by specifying the roles of six values in South Korea. Sustainability, 11(7), 1834.
Lee, J., & Cho, M. (2020). The effects of consumers’ media exposure, attention, and credibility on pro-environmental behaviors. Journal of Promotion Management, 26(3), 434-455.
Lee, K. (2011). The role of media exposure, social exposure and biospheric value orientation in the environmental attitude-intention-behavior model in adolescents. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 31(4), 301-308.
Leviston, Z., Greenhill, M., & Walker, I. (2015). Australian attitudes to climate change and adaptation: 2010–2014. Australia: CSIRO.
Li, Y.-Y., & Liu, S.-C. (2021). Examining Taiwanese students’ views on climate change and the teaching of climate change in the context of higher education. Research in Science & Technological Education, 1-14.
Li, Z. (2021). Role of affective mediators in the effects of media use on proenvironmental behavior. Science Communication, 43(1), 64-90.
Liang, S.-W., Fang, W.-T., Yeh, S.-C., Liu, S.-Y., Tsai, H.-M., Chou, J.-Y., & Ng, E. (2018). A nationwide survey evaluating the environmental literacy of undergraduate students in Taiwan. Sustainability, 10(6), 1730.
Liao, S.-H., Widowati, R., & Hsieh, Y.-C. (2021). Investigating online social media users’ behaviors for social commerce recommendations. Technology in Society, 66, 101655.
Liao, X., Shen, S. V., & Shi, X. (2020). The effects of behavioral intention on the choice to purchase energy-saving appliances in China: the role of environmental attitude, concern, and perceived psychological benefits in shaping intention. Energy Efficiency, 13(1), 33-49.
Lin, H. M., Lee, M. H., Liang, J. C., Chang, H. Y., Huang, P., & Tsai, C. C. (2020). A review of using partial least square structural equation modeling in e‐learning research. British Journal of Educational Technology, 51(4), 1354-1372.
Liu, P., Teng, M., & Han, C. (2020). How does environmental knowledge translate into pro-environmental behaviors?: The mediating role of environmental attitudes and behavioral intentions. Science of The Total Environment, 728, 138126.
Liu, Y., & Li, X. (2021). Pro-environmental behavior predicted by media exposure, SNS involvement, and cognitive and normative factors. Environmental Communication, 15(7), 954-968.
Loy, L. S., Hamann, K. R., & Reese, G. (2020). Navigating through the jungle of information. Informational self-efficacy predicts climate change-related media exposure, knowledge, and behaviour. Climatic Change, 163(4), 2097-2116.
Lynn, P. (2014). Distinguishing dimensions of pro-environmental behaviour, (No. 2014-19). ISER Working Paper Series.
Ma, W., & Zhu, Z. (2021). Internet use and willingness to participate in garbage classification: An investigation of Chinese residents. Applied Economics Letters, 28(9), 788-793.
Maran, D. A., & Begotti, T. (2021). Media exposure to climate change, anxiety, and efficacy beliefs in a sample of Italian university students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), 9358.
Marcoulides, G. A., & Saunders, C. (2006). Editor's comments: PLS: a silver bullet? MIS quarterly, iii-ix.
Marmaya, N. H., Zakaria, Z., & Desa, M. N. M. (2019). Gen Y consumers’ intention to purchase halal food in Malaysia: a PLS-SEM approach. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 10(3), 1003-1014.
Masud, M. M., Al-Amin, A. Q., Junsheng, H., Ahmed, F., Yahaya, S. R., Akhtar, R., & Banna, H. (2016). Climate change issue and theory of planned behaviour: Relationship by empirical evidence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 113, 613-623.
Matasci, C., Kruse, S., Barawid, N., & Thalmann, P. (2014). Exploring barriers to climate change adaptation in the Swiss tourism sector. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 19(8), 1239-1254.
McCombs, M. E., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of mass media. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36(2), 176-187.
Morren, M., & Grinstein, A. (2016). Explaining environmental behavior across borders: A meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 47, 91-106.
Ng, K. H., & Kemp, R. (2020). Understanding and reducing the fear of COVID-19. Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B, 21(9), 752.
Ng, P. Y., & Phung, P. T. (2021). Public transportation in Hanoi: Applying an integrative model of behavioral intention. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 9(2), 395-404.
Niederdeppe, J. (2014). Conceptual, empirical, and practical issues in developing valid measures of public communication campaign exposure. Communication Methods and Measures, 8(2), 138-161.
O’neill, S. J., Boykoff, M., Niemeyer, S., & Day, S. A. (2013). On the use of imagery for climate change engagement. Global Environmental Change, 23(2), 413-421.
Ong, A., Zafiris, M., & Gowan, C. (2010). Community attitudes to climate change [PowerPoint slides]. Sweeney Research: Sydney.
Organization, W. H. (2009). Protecting health from climate change: Global research priorities. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44133/9789241598187_eng.pdf
Ostman, R. E., & Parker, J. L. (1987). A public's environmental information sources and evaluations of mass media. The Journal of Environmental Education, 18(2), 9-17.
Otto, S., & Pensini, P. (2017). Nature-based environmental education of children: Environmental knowledge and connectedness to nature, together, are related to ecological behaviour. Global Environmental Change, 47, 88-94.
Pagiaslis, A., & Krontalis, A. K. (2014). Green consumption behavior antecedents: Environmental concern, knowledge, and beliefs. Psychology & Marketing, 31(5), 335-348.
Pan, S.-L., Chou, J., Morrison, A. M., Huang, W.-S., & Lin, M.-C. (2018). Will the future be greener? The environmental behavioral intentions of university tourism students. Sustainability, 10(3), 634.
Partzsch, L. (2018). Take action now: the legitimacy of celebrity power in international relations. Global Governance, 24, 229.
Paul, J., Modi, A., & Patel, J. (2016). Predicting green product consumption using theory of planned behavior and reasoned action. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 29, 123-134.
Pothitou, M., Hanna, R. F., & Chalvatzis, K. J. (2016). Environmental knowledge, pro-environmental behaviour and energy savings in households: An empirical study. Applied Energy, 184, 1217-1229.
Potter, W. J. (2010). The state of media literacy. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 54(4), 675-696.
Purwanto, A., & Sudargini, Y. (2021). Partial least squares structural squation modeling (PLS-SEM) analysis for social and management research: a literature review. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 2(4), 114-123.
Qader, I. K. A., & Zainuddin, Y. (2011). The influence of media exposure, safety and health concerns, and self-efficacy on environmental attitudes towards electronic green products. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 16(2).
Qader, I. K. A., & Zainuddin, Y. B. (2011). The impact of media exposure on intention to purchase green electronic products amongst lecturers. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(3), 240.
Rice, R. E., & Miller, L. B. (2023). Media Use, Environmental Mediators, and Pro-environmental Behaviors across and within Countries. Environmental Communication, 17(2), 187-208.
Rode, J. B., Dent, A. L., Benedict, C. N., Brosnahan, D. B., Martinez, R. L., & Ditto, P. H. (2021). Influencing climate change attitudes in the United States: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 76, 101623.
Rogers, E. M., Singhal, A., & Quinlan, M. M. (2014). Diffusion of innovations. In An integrated approach to communication theory and research (pp. 432-448). Routledge.
Rosenthal, S. (2022). Information sources, perceived personal experience, and climate change beliefs. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 81, 101796.
Safari, A., Salehzadeh, R., Panahi, R., & Abolghasemian, S. (2018). Multiple pathways linking environmental knowledge and awareness to employees’ green behavior. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business In Society, 18(1), 81-103.
Samani, S. A. (2016). Steps in research process (partial least square of structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM)). International Journal of Social Science and Business, 1(2), 55-66.
Scannell, L., & Gifford, R. (2013). Personally relevant climate change: The role of place attachment and local versus global message framing in engagement. Environment and Behavior, 45(1), 60-85.
Shah, Z., Wei, L., & Ghani, U. (2021). The use of social networking sites and pro-environmental behaviors: A mediation and moderation model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1805.
Shanahan, J., Morgan, M., & Stenbjerre, M. (1997). Green or brown? Television and the cultivation of environmental concern. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 41(3), 305-323.
Shi, H., Wang, S., & Zhao, D. (2017). Exploring urban resident’s vehicular PM2. 5 reduction behavior intention: An application of the extended theory of planned behavior. Journal of Cleaner Production, 147, 603-613.
Shi, J., Visschers, V. H., & Siegrist, M. (2015). Public perception of climate change: The importance of knowledge and cultural worldviews. Risk Analysis, 35(12), 2183-2201.
Shopova, T. (2014). Digital literacy of students and its improvement at the university. Journal on Efficiency and Responsibility in Education and Science, 7(2), 26-32.
Slater, M. D. (2004). Operationalizing and analyzing exposure: The foundation of media effects research. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(1), 168-183.
Smith-Sebasto, N. J., & D'Costa, A. (1995). Designing a Likert-type scale to predict environmentally responsible behavior in undergraduate students: A multistep process. The Journal of Environmental Education, 27(1), 14-20.
Sogari, G., Pucci, T., Aquilani, B., & Zanni, L. (2017). Millennial generation and environmental sustainability: The role of social media in the consumer purchasing behavior for wine. Sustainability, 9(10), 1911.
Steg, L., Perlaviciute, G., & van der Werff, E. (2015). Understanding the human dimensions of a sustainable energy transition. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 805.
Stern, P. C. (2000). New environmental theories: toward a coherent theory of environmentally significant behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 407-424.
Sujata, M., Khor, K.-S., Ramayah, T., & Teoh, A. P. (2019). The role of social media on recycling behaviour. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 20, 365-374.
Sundblad, E.-L., Biel, A., & Gärling, T. (2007). Cognitive and affective risk judgements related to climate change. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 27(2), 97-106.
Sundblad, E.-L., Biel, A., & Gärling, T. (2009). Knowledge and confidence in knowledge about climate change among experts, journalists, politicians, and laypersons. Environment and Behavior, 41(2), 281-302.
Swim, J. K., Stern, P. C., Doherty, T. J., Clayton, S., Reser, J. P., Weber, E. U., Gifford, R., & Howard, G. S. (2011). Psychology's contributions to understanding and addressing global climate change. American Psychologist, 66(4), 241.
Takahashi, B., Tandoc Jr, E. C., Duan, R., & Van Witsen, A. (2017). Revisiting environmental citizenship: The role of information capital and media use. Environment and Behavior, 49(2), 111-135.
Taneja, H., & Mamoria, U. (2012). Measuring media use across platforms: Evolving audience information systems. International Journal on Media Management, 14(2), 121-140.
Teo, T. S., Srivastava, S. C., & Jiang, L. (2008). Trust and electronic government success: An empirical study. Journal of Management Information Systems, 25(3), 99-132.
Thompson, C. B. (2009). Descriptive data analysis. Air Medical Journal, 28(2), 56-59.
Tobler, C., Visschers, V. H., & Siegrist, M. (2012). Consumers’ knowledge about climate change. Climatic Change, 114(2), 189-209.
Trivedi, R. H., Patel, J. D., & Acharya, N. (2018). Causality analysis of media influence on environmental attitude, intention and behaviors leading to green purchasing. Journal of Cleaner Production, 196, 11-22.
Tsfati, Y., & Cohen, J. (2003). On the effect of the “third-person effect”: Perceived influence of media coverage and residential mobility intentions. Journal of Communication, 53(4), 711-727.
United Nations. (1992). United Nations framework convention on climate change. http://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/application/pdf/conveng.pdf
United Nations. (2015). Sustainable Development Goals. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/?menu=1300
Verma, P., & Sinha, N. (2017). Role of attitude as mediator of the perceived ease of use and behavioural intention relationship. International Journal of Management Concepts and Philosophy, 10(3), 227-245.
Vicente-Molina, M. A., Fernández-Sáinz, A., & Izagirre-Olaizola, J. (2013). Environmental knowledge and other variables affecting pro-environmental behaviour: comparison of university students from emerging and advanced countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 61, 130-138.
Von Borgstede, C., Andersson, M., & Johnsson, F. (2013). Public attitudes to climate change and carbon mitigation—Implications for energy-associated behaviours. Energy Policy, 57, 182-193.
Wackernagel, M., & Rees, W. (1998). Our ecological footprint: reducing human impact on the earth (Vol. 9). New society publishers.
Wang, L., & Wong, P. P. W. (2020). Marketing of environmentally friendly hotels in China through religious segmentation: a theory of planned behaviour approach. Tourism Review, 76(5), 1164-1180.
Wang, P., Liu, Q., & Qi, Y. (2014). Factors influencing sustainable consumption behaviors: a survey of the rural residents in China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 63, 152-165.
Warshaw, P. R., & Davis, F. D. (1985). Disentangling behavioral intention and behavioral expectation. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 21(3), 213-228.
Weber, E. U. (2010). What shapes perceptions of climate change? Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 1(3), 332-342.
Webster, J., Phalen, P., & Lichty, L. (2013). Ratings analysis: Audience measurement and analytics. Routledge.
Wei, R., Lo, V.-H., & Lu, H.-Y. (2010). The third-person effect of tainted food product recall news: Examining the role of credibility, attention, and elaboration for college students in Taiwan. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 87(3-4), 598-614.
Wen, N., Chao, N., & Wang, C. (2021). Predicting the Intention of Sustainable Commuting among Chinese Commuters: The Role of Media and Morality. Environmental Communication, 15(3), 401-417.
Williams, H. T., McMurray, J. R., Kurz, T., & Lambert, F. H. (2015). Network analysis reveals open forums and echo chambers in social media discussions of climate change. Global Environmental Change, 32, 126-138.
Wynveen, C. J., & Sutton, S. G. (2015). Engaging the public in climate change-related pro-environmental behaviors to protect coral reefs: The role of public trust in the management agency. Marine Policy, 53, 131-140.
Yadav, R., & Pathak, G. S. (2016). Young consumers' intention towards buying green products in a developing nation: Extending the theory of planned behavior. Journal of Cleaner Production, 135, 732-739.
Yang, J., & Grabe, M. E. (2011). Knowledge acquisition gaps: A comparison of print versus online news sources. New Media & Society, 13(8), 1211-1227.
Yang, X., Chen, L., Wei, L., & Su, Q. (2020). Personal and media factors related to citizens’ pro-environmental behavioral intention against haze in China: A moderating analysis of TPB. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2314.
Yazdanpanah, M., & Forouzani, M. (2015). Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to predict Iranian students' intention to purchase organic food. Journal of Cleaner Production, 107, 342-352.
Yu, T.-Y., Lavallee, J. P., Di Giusto, B., & Wang, F.-K. (2019). Exploring the influence of religiosity on engaging in pro-environmental behaviours for college students at Taiwan under the climate change environment. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Informatics, Environment, Energy and Applications,
Zafar, A. U., Shen, J., Ashfaq, M., & Shahzad, M. (2021). Social media and sustainable purchasing attitude: Role of trust in social media and environmental effectiveness. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 63, 102751.
Zhang, X., & Zhong, Z.-J. (2020). Extending media system dependency theory to informational media use and environmentalism: A cross-national study. Telematics and Informatics, 50, 101378.