近年來，無線通訊的應用已在各個層面上被研發出來，並且幫助了不少人們生活上的需求，然而在研發各種通訊系統之前，首先必需要進行通道衰落特性的了解，對於通道衰落的了解會影響到通訊系統上的應用。在無線通訊的領域中，無線射頻辨識(Radio Frequency Identification, RFID)是近年來蓬勃發展的一種通訊系統，也因此近幾年的研究有相當多的文獻針對RFID的相關領域，包括讀取器及標籤的設計、單入單出(Single Input Single Output, SISO)及多入多出(Multiple Input Multiple Output, MIMO)的系統建置以及效能分析，還有RFID系統的通道量測。本論文以展頻滑動相關器通道量測系統進行UHF MIMO RFID系統的通道量測，利用標籤端天線呈正交極化分集(Polarization Diversity)方式建置成(1,2,1) MIMO RFID系統，並使用由美商國家儀器(National Instruments, NI)開發之PXIe-5644R向量訊號收發機(Vector Signal Transceiver, VST)軟體無線電(Software Defined Radio, SDR)平台進行展頻滑動相關器系統建製，利用建構之系統在一12公尺x14公尺的室內廣場進行中心頻為900MHz的MIMO RFID系統架設，實際進行訊號收發並錄製訊號後，經後端分析了解量測環境的通道衰落特性，並做出各通道間衰落特性的比較。

Wireless communications have been used pervasively in various applications in recent years. In the field of wireless communication, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a communication system that has developed many applications. Therefore, there have been lots of literatures discussing the related fields of radio frequency identification, including the design of readers and tags, single input single output (SISO) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system implementation and performance analysis, as well as for the radio frequency identification channel measurements. In this thesis, the UHF MIMO RFID system channel is measured by the spread-spectrum sliding correlator software defined radio based channel sounder with M-sequence and Kasami sequence, and the (1, 2, 1) MIMO RFID system is built by the polarization diversity of the MIMO tag-end antenna. The measurement results of 900MHz UHF band indoor propagation, and their corresponding channel characteristics including power delay profile, channel impulse response in terms of tap delay line, RMS delay spread and an indoor UHF small scale fading channel model is proposed based on the measurement results. The comparison of these results is also provided in this thesis.

[1] S. M. Alamouti, "A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 16, pp. 1451-1458, 1998.
[2] C. He, Z. J. Wang, and V. C. M. Leung, "Unitary Query for the MxLxN MIMO Backscatter RFID Channel," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 14, pp. 2613-2625, 2015.
[3] C. He, Z. J. Wang, C. Miao, and V. C. M. Leung, "Block-Level Unitary Query: Enabling Orthogonal-Like Space-Time Code With Query Diversity for MIMO Backscatter RFID," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 15, pp. 1937-1949, 2016.
[4] J. D. Griffin and G. D. Durgin, "Gains For RF Tags Using Multiple Antennas," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 56, pp. 563-570, 2008.
[5] D. Arnitz, U. Muehlmann, and K. Witrisal, "Wideband Characterization of Backscatter Channels: Derivations and Theoretical Background," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 60, pp. 257-266, 2012.
[6] T. Taniguchi, Y. Karasawa, and M. Tsuruta, "An analysis method of double fading MIMO channels including LOS environments," in 2008 IEEE 19th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, 2008, pp. 1-5.
[7] C. Boyer and S. Roy, "Space Time Coding for Backscatter RFID," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 12, pp. 2272-2280, 2013.
[8] C. Boyer and S. Roy, "Backscatter Communication and RFID: Coding, Energy, and MIMO Analysis," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 62, pp. 770-785, 2014.
[9] B. Sklar, "Rayleigh fading channels in mobile digital communication systems. I. Characterization," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 35, pp. 136-146, 1997.
[10] T. S. Rappaport, Wireless communication : principles and practice, 2nd ed.: Prentice Hall PTR, 2002.
[11] R. J. Pirkl, "A sliding correlator channel sounder for ultra-wideband measurements," Master, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Geogia Institute of Technology, 2007.
[12] S. Salous, Radio propagation measurement and channel modeling, 1st ed.: Wiley, 2013.
[13] I. Z. Kovacs, P. C. F. Eggers, K. Olesen, and L. G. Petersen, "Investigations of outdoor-to-indoor mobile-to-mobile radio communication channels," in Proceedings IEEE 56th Vehicular Technology Conference, 2002, pp. 430-434 vol.1.
[14] P. S. Bithas, K. Maliatsos, and A. G. Kanatas, "V2V Communication Systems under Correlated Double-Rayleigh Fading Channels," in 2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), 2016, pp. 1-5.
[15] A. Bekkali, S. Zou, A. Kadri, M. Crisp, and R. V. Penty, "Performance Analysis of Passive UHF RFID Systems Under Cascaded Fading Channels and Interference Effects," IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 14, pp. 1421-1433, 2015.
[16] J. D. Griffin and G. D. Durgin, "Link Envelope Correlation in the Backscatter Channel," IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 11, pp. 735-737, 2007.
[17] J. Salo, H. M. El-Sallabi, and P. Vainikainen, "Impact of double-Rayleigh fading on system performance," in 2006 1st International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing, 2006, pp. 5 pp.-5.
[18] B. Talha and M. Patzold, "On the Statistical Properties of Double Rice Channels," in Proc. 10th Int. Symp. Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC 2007), Jaipur, India, Dec. 2007, pp. 517-522.
[19] W. Wongtrairat, P. Supnithi, and S. Tantaratana, "Performance of M-PSK modulation in double Rician fading channels with MRC diversity," in 2008 5th International Conference on Electrical Engineering/Electronics, Computer, Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2008, pp. 321-324.
[20] R. Khedhiri, N. Hajri, N. Youssef, and M. Patzold, "On the First- and Second-Order Statistics of Selective Combining over Double Nakagami-m Fading Channels," in 2014 IEEE 80th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2014-Fall), 2014, pp. 1-5.
[21] 林旺旗, "雙天線半被動式射頻辨識標籤設計," 碩士論文, 國立台灣科技大學, 2009.
[22] 譚介瑋, "具反向散射分集之925MHz超高頻被動射頻辨識系統," 碩士論文, 國立台灣科技大學, 2011.
[23] 李明翔, "多輸入多輸出超高頻被動射頻辨識標籤," 碩士論文, 國立台灣科技大學, 2015.
[24] 李明橙, "多入多出超高頻被動射頻辨識系統效能分析," 碩士論文, 國立台灣科技大學, 2016.
[25] 林秉縑, "多入多出超高頻被動射頻辨識讀取器研製," 碩士論文, 國立台灣科技大學, 2017.
[26] T. S. Rappaport, "Characterization of UHF multipath radio channels in factory buildings," IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 37, pp. 1058-1069, 1989.
[27] T. S. Rappaport, S. Y. Seidel, and R. Singh, "900 MHz multipath propagation measurements for US digital cellular radiotelephone," in Global Telecommunications Conference and Exhibition 'Communications Technology for the 1990s and Beyond' (GLOBECOM), 1989. IEEE, 1989, pp. 84-89 vol.1.
[28] H. Zaghbul, M. Fattouche, G. Morrison, and D. Tholl, "Comparison of indoor propagation channel characteristics at different frequencies," Electronics Letters, vol. 27, pp. 2077-2079, 1991.
[29] H. Zaghloul, G. Morrison, and M. Fattouche, "Frequency response and path loss measurements of indoor channel," Electronics Letters, vol. 27, pp. 1021-1022, 1991.
[30] M. Anderson, G. Borg, and R. Goodwin, "Channel Sounding Measurements at 59.5 MHz Across the Australian Capital Territory," in 2005 Asia-Pacific Conference on Communications, 2005, pp. 705-709.
[31] C. M. Huang, "基於軟體定義無線電之通道量測：設計與實現," 電腦與通信工程研究所, 成功大學, 2015.
[32] J. H. Choi, H. K. Chung, H. Lee, J. Cha, and H. Lee, "Code-Division Multiplexing Based MIMO Channel Sounder with Loosely Synchronous Codes and Kasami Codes," in IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2006, pp. 1-5.
[33] A. Mitra, "On Pseudo-Random and Orthogonal Binary Spreading Sequences," International Journal of Electrical,Computer,Energetic and Communication Engineering, vol. 2, 2008.
[34] V. R. Anreddy, "Indoor MIMO channels with polarization diversity : measurements and performance analysis," Master degree, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006.
[35] M. Patzold, A. Szczepanski, and N. Youssef, "Methods for modeling of specified and measured multipath power-delay profiles," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 51, pp. 978-988, 2002.
[36] T. S. Rappaport, S. Y. Seidel, and K. Takamizawa, "Statistical channel impulse response models for factory and open plan building radio communicate system design," IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 39, pp. 794-807, 1991.
[37] D. Cassioli, M. Z. Win, and A. F. Molisch, "The ultra-wide bandwidth indoor channel: from statistical model to simulations," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 20, pp. 1247-1257, 2002.
[38] F. J. Massey Jr, "The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for goodness of fit," Journal of the American statistical Association, vol. 46, pp. 68-78, 1951.
[39] M. A. Stephens, "EDF statistics for goodness of fit and some comparisons," Journal of the American statistical Association, vol. 69, pp. 730-737, 1974.
[40] R. Steele and L. Hanzo, Mobile Radio Communications: Second and Third Generation Cellular and WATM Systems, 2nd ed.: Press-John Wiley, 1999.
[41] RFID UHF Antenna Data Sheet. Yeon Technology. Available: http://www.sbrfid.com/YAP-101CP_data_sheet.pdf