職業意外事故是許多發展中國家的一個關鍵問題。根據印度尼西亞勞工部的數據，儘管印度尼西亞的意外事故率下降了 8％，但2015-2016年間死亡率卻上升了349.4％。大部分意外事故都發生在建築建造行業（包含造船業）。印度尼西亞實施的Cabotage 法案以及現任印度尼西亞總統關於促進當地造船業加強印度尼西亞海上力量的指示，印證了印度尼西亞造船業的重要性。同時，印尼的文化多元性被認為會影響到職業安全。本研究旨在探討工人背景，特別是工人文化背景對印尼造船業安全氣候的影響。預計安全氣候的改善將支持印度尼西亞的Cabotage法，並有助於實現印度尼西亞總統的指示。本硏究以驗證性因素分析（AMOS 軟體）和單因素變異數分析（SPSS 軟體）來進行分析。結果表明，印尼的安全氣氛水平需要在“工人安全優先和不接受風險”方面得到改善。本研究發現年齡，受教育程度，婚姻狀況，任期，工作崗位，組織，培訓，種族和宗教信仰都 會影響安全氣候水平。本硏究建議通過考慮工人背景對安全氣候的影響來構建安全增強計劃。更具體地說，管理層應將其安全計劃的重點放在歸屬於以下任何類別的工人：40歲以上者，具有文憑或以上教育水平者，單身者，工作不滿5年者，以及一般事務人員。此外，安全計劃可以通過對工人進行不少於三次的安全培訓來實施。還應開展一些加強同族工人和工人對宗教的思想認識的社會化等活動，以落實 安全方案。

Occupational accidents are a critical issue in many developing countries. According to the Indonesian Ministry of labor, although the accident rate in Indonesia decreased by 8% in 2015-2016, the death rates increased by 349,4%. Most accidents were found in the construction industries, which include the shipbuilding industries. The Cabotage Law implementation in Indonesia and the current president's instruction to boost local shipbuilding industries to strengthen the Indonesian maritime force, emphasizes the criticality of the shipbuilding industries in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the cultural diversities of Indonesia were expected to affect the occupational safety. This research aims to identify the influence of workers’ background, specifically, the workers’ cultural background, towards the safety climate in Indonesian shipbuilding industries. The safety climate enhancement was expected to support the Cabotage Law in Indonesia, along with the Indonesian president's instruction. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis using the AMOS software package and One-way ANOVA using the SPSS software package were conducted to do the analysis. The result indicated that the safety climate level in Indonesia needs to be improved on the “Workers’ safety priority and risk non-acceptance”. The age, level of education, marital status, seniority, job position, organization, training, ethnicity, and religiousity were found to influence the safety climate level. The recommendation is to construct the safety enhancement program by considering how the workers’ backgrounds would influence the safety climate. More specifically, management should focus more on its safety program for workers who fall into any of the following categories: 40 years old of age or above, with diploma or above educational level, with single marital status, with less than 5 years working period, or general staff workers. Furthermore, the safety programs should be implemented by conducting safety training no fewer than three times for the workers. Additionally, activities such as strengthening the socialization among workers from the same ethnicity and strengthening the religions ideology among the workers should be conducted, too.

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