簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 羅楹茹
Ying-Ru Lo
論文名稱: 反抗而不反抗:降低推薦獎勵計畫中被推薦人之反抗心理
Resist without Rebelling: Reduce the Psychological Reactance of Referees in the Referral Reward Programs
指導教授: 林孟彥
Tom M.Y. Lin
口試委員: 林孟彥
Tom M.Y. Lin
曾盛恕
Seng-Su Tsang
張淑婷
Shu-Ting Chang
方正璽
Cheng-Hsi Fang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 企業管理系
Department of Business Administration
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 43
中文關鍵詞: 口碑廣告品牌推廣推薦獎勵反抗心理
外文關鍵詞: word-of-mouth, advertising, brand promotion, referral reward programs, psychological reactance
相關次數: 點閱:278下載:6
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

在新世代中,社群媒體往往是企業在進行產品推廣與品牌行銷時的傳播媒介,企業可透過社群平台,進行一系列的推廣行為,像是舉辦行銷活動、發送廣告訊息給民眾,進而增進之間資訊的快速傳播與連結性。然而,這樣來自四面八方的大量訊息,讓廣告訊息充斥在消費者生活的每一個層面,過度的廣告訊息或透過線上追蹤記錄而進行的再行銷 (retargeting),有時候反而會造成消費者對該品牌與商品的反抗情緒,進而傷害品牌權益。因此,企業在進行社群行銷時,甚是須謹慎規劃。
透過社群人脈來協助產品推廣的方式,常見的就是推薦獎勵計畫。這是藉由企業發放獎勵,鼓勵社群平台使用者將產品訊息分享給自己人脈中的親友,透過一般人對熟識朋友比較沒有戒心的特點,吸引更多民眾去認識了解品牌,進而促使購買意願的提升。這種由會員拉會員的行銷方式,常常要求參與者必須標註 (tag) 特定對象,直接將產品訊息推播給親友。好處是被標註的消費者一定會看到該訊息,且可能會因為對朋友的信任而信賴其推薦的商品。但另一方面,標註的方式是強迫消費者閱讀廣告訊息,更容易激起其反抗心理,反而失去了推廣產品的原意。如何善用社群推薦獎勵計畫,又不會引起消費者的抵觸情緒是本研究想要解決的主要問題。
本研究採用實驗情境設計,以 Facebook 作為此次研究之社群平台,並以市面常見的銀行開戶活動做為情境設定,將反抗心理分為高與低程度,藉由實驗對照方式,從中探討對品牌評價與購買意願之影響。最後根據本研究之分析結果,在推薦獎勵方案下,透過調整獎勵之選擇性,可減緩高反抗消費者之抗拒心理,進而提高對品牌的評價與購買意願,另外,我們也提供一些在社群推薦獎勵計畫上可延伸優化的方式,像是針對消費者的特徵、獎勵的對象、獎勵的類型,期望可協助企業在實務上達到更好的推廣成效。


In the new generation, social media is often the communication medium for companies in product promotion and brand marketing. Companies can use social platforms to carry out a series of promotional activities, such as holding marketing activities and sending advertising messages to the public. Improve the rapid dissemination and connectivity of information between. However, such a large amount of information from all directions floods every aspect of consumer life with advertising information. Excessive advertising information or retargeting through online tracking records sometimes causes consumers to oppose the brand. The rebellious emotions with the product harm brand rights. Therefore, companies must plan carefully when conducting social marketing.
The most common way to assist product promotion through community connections is to referral reward programs. This is to encourage social platform users to share product information with their relatives and friends through the company’s distribution of rewards, and to attract more people to know and understand the brand through the fact that ordinary people are less wary of acquaintances with friends, and thus promote the willingness to buy promote. This kind of marketing method in which members pull members often requires participants to tag specific objects and directly push product information to relatives and friends. The advantage is that the tagged consumers will see the message, and may trust the recommended products because they trust in friends. But on the other hand, the way of tagging is to force consumers to read the advertising message, which is more likely to arouse their resistance and lose the original intention of promoting the product. How to make good use of the community recommendation and reward program without causing consumer resistance is the main problem this research wants to solve.
This study adopts an experimental scenario design. Facebook is used as the social platform for this research, and the common bank account opening activities in the market are used as the scenario setting. The psychological reactance is divided into high and low levels. Through the experiment and control method, explore the influence on brand evaluation and purchase intention. Finally, based on the analysis results of this research, it is hoped that it can help companies have a better promotion effect on the community recommendation and reward program. Finally, according to the analysis results of this research, under the recommended reward scheme, by adjusting the choice of rewards, the resistance of high resistance consumers can be slowed down, and the evaluation of the brand and the willingness to purchase can be improved. In addition, we also provide some in the referral reward programs that can be extended and optimized, such as targeting consumer characteristics, reward objects, and reward types. It is hoped that they can help companies achieve better promotion results in practice.

摘要 I ABSTRACT II 謝誌 IV 目錄 V 圖目錄 VI 表目錄 VII 第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景與動機 1 第二節 研究目的 1 第三節 研究貢獻 2 第二章 文獻探討 3 第一節 推薦獎勵方案 (Referral Reward Programs) 3 第二節 反抗心理 (Psychological Reactance) 4 第三章 研究一 5 第一節 實驗假設 5 第二節 實驗設計 6 第三節 研究結果 9 第四章 研究二 13 第一節 實驗假設 14 第二節 實驗設計 14 第三節 研究結果 17 第五章 結論與建議 20 第一節 假設檢定分析結果 20 第二節 研究結論 21 第三節 管理意涵 22 第四節 研究限制 22 第五節 未來研究 23 參考文獻 25 附錄 研究問卷 29

Amarnath, Debora Dhanya and Uma Pricilda Jaidev (2018), "Consumer Reactance: A Review of Research Methodologies," International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 118, 4449-67.
---- (2021), "Toward an integrated model of consumer reactance: a literature analysis," Management Review Quarterly, 71 (1), 41-90.
André, Q., Z. Carmon, K. Wertenbroch, A. Crum, D. Frank, W. Goldstein, J. Huber, L. Boven, Bernd Weber, and Haiyang Yáng (2018), "Consumer Choice and Autonomy in the Age of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data," Customer Needs and Solutions, 5, 28-37.
Archer, R. L. and J. H. Berg (1978), "Disclosure reciprocity and its limits: a reactance analysis," Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 14, 527-40.
Bambauer-Sachse, S. and P. Heinzle (2018), "Comparative advertising: Effects of concreteness and claim substantiation through reactance and activation on purchase intentions," Journal of Business Research, 84, 233-42.
Berger, J. (2014), "Word of mouth and interpersonal communication: A review and directions for future research," Journal of Consumer Psychology, 24 (4), 586-607.
Biyalogorsky, E., E. Gerstner, and B. Libai (2001), "Customer referral management: Optimal reward programs," Marketing Science, 20 (1), 82-95.
Brehm, J. W. (1966), "A Theory of Psychological Reactance," New York.
Chen, Y. B. and J. H. Xie (2008), "Online consumer review: Word-of-mouth as a news element of marketing communication mix," Management Science, 54 (3), 477-91.
Clee, M. A. and R. A. Wicklund (1980), "Consumer behavior and psychological reactance," Journal of Consumer Research, 6(4), 389–405.
De Bruyn, A. and G. L. Lilien (2008), "A multi-stage model of word-of-mouth influence through viral marketing," International Journal of Research in Marketing, 25 (3), 151-63.
Eason, C. C., M. N. Bing, and J. Smothers (2015), "Reward me, charity, or both? The impact of fees and benefits in loyalty programs," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 25, 71-80.
Fitzsimons, G. J. and D. R. Lehmann (2004), "Reactance to recommendations: When unsolicited advice yields contrary responses," Marketing Science, 23 (1), 82-94.
Fransen, M. L., E. G. Smit, and P. W. J. Verlegh (2015), "Strategies and motives for resistance to persuasion: an integrative framework," Frontiers in Psychology, 6.
Gao, M., M. Zhao, and J. L. Qin (2020), "Marketing strategy selection of referral reward under social network: RRWS, RRMS, or dual strategy?," International Transactions in Operational Research.
Gardner, L. and G. Leshner (2016), "The Role of Narrative and Other-Referencing in Attenuating Psychological Reactance to Diabetes Self-Care Messages," Health Communication, 31 (6), 738-51.
Gorlier, T. and G. Michel (2020), "How special rewards in loyalty programs enrich consumer-brand relationships: The role of self-expansion," Psychology & Marketing, 37 (4), 588-603.
Gruner, R. L., C. Homburg, and B. A. Lukas (2014), "Firm-hosted online brand communities and new product success," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 42 (1), 29-48.
Gupta, P. and J. Harris (2010), "How e-WOM recommendations influence product consideration and quality of choice: A motivation to process information perspective," Journal of Business Research, 63 (9-10), 1041-49.
Haenlein, M. and B. Libai (2017), "Seeding, Referral, and Recommendation: Creating Profitable Word-of-Mouth Programs," California Management Review, 59 (2), 68-91.
Hajli, N. (2015), "Social commerce constructs and consumer's intention to buy," International Journal of Information Management, 35 (2), 183-91.
Hayes, A. F. (2013), "Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis," : A regression based approach: Guilford Press.
Helm, S.V. (2003), "Calculating the Value of Customers’ Referrals," Managing Service Quality, 13, 124-33.
Hong, S. M. and S. Faedda (1996), "Refinement of the Hong Psychological Reactance Scale," Educational and Psychological Measurement, 56 (1), 173-82.
Hong, S. M., E. Giannakopoulos, D. Laing, and N. A. Williams (1994), "Psychological reactance - effects of age and gender," Journal of Social Psychology, 134 (2), 223-28.
Jin, Liyin & Huang, Yunhui (2014), "When giving money does not work: The differential effects of monetary versus in-kind rewards in referral reward programs," International Journal of Research in Marketing, 31(1), 107-16.
Joubert, C. E. (1990), "Relationship among self-esteem, psychological reactance, and other personality-variables," Psychological Reports, 66 (3), 1147-51.
Kim, S. Y., T. R. Levine, and M. Allen (2017), "The Intertwined Model of Reactance for Resistance and Persuasive Boomerang," Communication Research, 44 (7), 931-51.
Kivetz, R. (2005), "Promotion reactance: The role of effort-reward congruity," Journal of Consumer Research, 31 (4), 725-36.
Kornish, L. J. and Q. P. Li (2010), "Optimal Referral Bonuses with Asymmetric Information: Firm-Offered and Interpersonal Incentives," Marketing Science, 29 (1), 108-21.
Kumar, V., J. A. Petersen, and R. P. Leone (2010), "Driving Profitability by Encouraging Customer Referrals: Who, When, and How," Journal of Marketing, 74 (5), 1-17.
Lacey, Russell (2007), "Relationship Drivers of Customer Commitment," The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 15(4), 315-333.
Lee, E., Y. J. Kim, Y. S. Lim, and M. Kim (2015), "Tait reactance moderates facebook users' irritation with brand communication," Social Behavior and Personality, 43 (5), 829-44.
Ryan, R. M. and E. L. Deci (2000), "Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being," American Psychologist, 55 (1), 68-78.
Ryu, G. and L. Feick (2007), "A penny for your thoughts: Referral reward programs and referral likelihood," Journal of Marketing, 71 (1), 84-94.
Schmitt, P., B. Skiera, and C. Van den Bulte (2011), "Referral Programs and Customer Value," Journal of Marketing, 75 (1), 46-59.
Seeman, E. A., W. C. Buboltz, S. M. Jenkins, B. Soper, and K. M. P. Woller (2004), "Ethnic and gender differences in psychological reactance: The importance of reactance in multicultural counselling," Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 17(2), 167-76.
Stumpf, C. and M. Baum (2016), "Customer Referral Reward-Brand-Fit: A Schema Congruity Perspective," Psychology & Marketing, 33 (7), 542-58.
Trump, R. K. (2016), "Harm in price promotions: When coupons elicit reactance," Journal of Consumer Marketing, 33(4), 302-10.
Wang, Lili and Ying Ding (2017), "An exemption for strong brands: the influence of brand community rejection on brand evaluation," European Journal of Marketing, 51 (5/6), 1029-48.
W., Brehm J. and Brehm S. S. (1981), "Psychological reactance – a theory of freedom and control," New York.
Wendlandt, Mark and Ulf Schrader (2007), "Consumer reactance against loyalty programs," Journal of Consumer Marketing, 24(5), 293-304.
Wirtz, J. and P. Chew (2002), "The effects of incentives, deal proneness, satisfaction and tie strength on word-of-mouth behaviour," International Journal of Service Industry Management, 13 (2), 141-62.
Wirtz, J., A. den Ambtman, J. Bloemer, C. Horvath, B. Ramaseshan, J. van de Klundert, Z. G. Canli, and J. Kandampully (2013), "Managing brands and customer engagement in online brand communities," Journal of Service Management, 24 (3), 223-44.
Woller, K. M. P., W. C. Buboltz, and J. M. Loveland (2007), "Psychological reactance: Examination across age, ethnicity, and gender," American Journal of Psychology, 120 (1), 15-24.
Yanping, W. and C. Yan (2012), "Psychology reactance to online recommendations: The influence of time pressure," IEEE, 1, 347-50.
Zemack-Rugar, Y., S. G. Moore, and G. J. Fitzsimons (2017), "Just do it! Why committed consumers react negatively to assertive ads," Journal of Consumer Psychology, 27 (3), 287-301.
Zhu, F. and X. Q. Zhang (2010), "Impact of Online Consumer Reviews on Sales: The Moderating Role of Product and Consumer Characteristics," Journal of Marketing, 74 (2), 133-48.

QR CODE