印尼社會住宅之環境行為分析與開放建築應用設計｜國立臺灣科技大學博碩士論文系統

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研究生：	Ni Putu Aryani Ni Putu Aryani
論文名稱：	印尼社會住宅之環境行為分析與開放建築應用設計 Environmental Behavior Analysis and 'Open Building Prototype' Design for Flexible Social Housing in Indonesia
指導教授：	杜功仁 Kung-Jen Tu
口試委員:	黃志弘 Chih-Hong Huang 曾光宗 Kuang-Tsung Tseng 江維華 Wei-Hua Chiang 施宣光 Shiuan-Guang Shih 杜功仁 Kung-Jen Tu
學位類別：	博士 Doctor
系所名稱：	設計學院 - 建築系 Department of Architecture
論文出版年：	2021
畢業學年度：	109
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	144
中文關鍵詞：	環境行為分析、社會住宅單元、彈性社會住宅、開放建築、模組化材料、支架體與填充體、支架結構、管道間、彈性空間
外文關鍵詞：	environmental behavior, social housing unit, flexible social housing, open building prototype, modular material, support and infill, skeleton structure, vertical utility, spatial flexibility
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上一筆

居住在Dupak Bangunrejo社會住宅的居民即使將原有的18平方公尺的居住空間擴大，但仍舊無法改善如貧民窟般不佳的生活條件，並且佔用了建築物內外的公共空間。本研究的目的是希望獲得居住者的個別的空間需求和適合的房間功能，並在公共區域能因應居住者彈性調整。藉由資料收集、案例觀察與現場訪談收集資訊對現況加以分析可以知道居民占用公共空間主要作為廚房和洗碗區的使用。佔用空間性質有分為公共、私有和服務空間，公共空間具有五種功能與房間相關，而私有與服務空間具備了三種功能與房間相關。公共空間的調整促進/增加了空間的多功能性、私密性和基本使用空間及客廳位置的配置。因此，需要具有容易調整格局的社會住宅以適應各種居民的空間需求。
為了設計靈活的社會住住宅，本研究旨在開發適當大小的社會住房單元並設計開放式的建築原型。設計以43.2平方公尺為基本居住單元面積，結構採用模組化預鑄的fly-slab系統、結構柱、模組分割及架高的浴室地板層，經由設計的安排創造而成。此外，以填充體的概念作空間的靈活配置，運用可重複使用的模組化隔板與活動地板作為房間的隔間以因應各種格局安排。支架體結構的模組化已經考量動線與管道間的位置。在此建築物上靈活的單元配置可產生六種房型設計並適用於各個樓層。每個房型則各有三種不同由模組化隔板決定的平面配置。
最終成果的展現設想Dupak Bangunrejo社會住宅以“開放式建築原型”操作做重新設計，以演示“開放式建築原型”以社會住宅建築實行上的可能。設計遵照建築設計的相關法規來探討開放建築的支架體結構、管道間配置、通風采光及公共空間的動線實現的可能性。此外，將演示三個不同的住戶和同一住戶的三個階段在空間佈局的靈活性。通過增加/擴展空間的結構，輕易觸及的挑管道間以及可移動、可重複使用的模組化隔板系統來實現靈活的空間更改和居住單元隱私性，從而證明了開放建築的優勢。

In order to design flexible social housing, this study was conducted based on environmental behaviour and open building concept design. The environmental behaviour study was conducted for a unit of 18 sqm at Dupak Bangunrejo social housing. The unit was analyzed based on documentation, field observation, and interview method. The analysis found occupants extensions for service area with improper utility system and area requirements-room functions. In addition, most activities in the public area indicate imbalance space usage, lack of privacy, and location of the living room within the unit. This signifies that flexible social housing is needed for occupants in Surabaya.
‘Open building prototype’ design was used to develop an appropriate unit size for 43.2 sqm based on previous studies. The support design was developed by using fly-slab, structural columns, and beams. A basic modular material was generated for 14.4 sqm and consist of three arrangements for one prototype. The infill design was developed by using modular material for the ceiling, partition, and raised floor. The skeleton structural pattern, vertical utility, and public spaces for circulations were generated for support. Six types of different sizes and capacities for various households were resulted for the infill.
The application of a flexible social housing building on the original site relates government regulation based on Building Coverage Ratio and Floor Area Ratio. The flexible social housing provides skeleton structure, vertical utility, public circulation, and maximum natural daylight-air circulation. The open building prototype accommodates various space requirements structurally and spatially for a different household in a different time. In conclusion, flexible social housing based on open building prototype design is suitable to accommodate various, changes, and future occupants space requirements.

Table of Contents    i
List of Tables    v
List of Figures    vii
CHAPTER 1 Introduction    1
1.    Research background    1
1.1.    Social housings in Surabaya    2
1.2.    The purpose for social housings in Surabaya    6
2.    Research problem    7
3.    Research objectives    12
3.1.    Environmental behavior analysis of social housing units    12
3.2.    ‘Open building prototype’ design for flexible social housing units in  Indonesia    12
3.3.    Application of ‘open building prototype’ in a social housing estate    12
4.    Research methods    13
5.    Research plan    14
CHAPTER 2 Literature Review    15
1.    Space in a small unit of social housing in Surabaya    15
2.    Open building and flexibility in housing design    17
3.    Flexibility for social housing in developing country    17
4.    Modular design for social housing    19
5.    Conclusion    21
CHAPTER 3 Environmental Behavior Analysis of Existing Social Housing in Surabaya    23
1.    Research questions and objectives    23
2.    Research method    24
2.1.    Research subject    24
2.2.    Data collection and analysis method    26
3.    Customization of the unit by the occupants (Rq1)    33
4.    Occupant’s area requirements and room functions (Rq2)    36
5.    Occupant’s daily activities of the subject household in public area (Rq3)    40
6.    Discussion    45
6.1.    Customization of the unit by occupants    45
6.2.    Occupant’s area requirements and room functions    46
6.3.    Occupant’s daily activity of the subject household in public area    46
7.    Summary    47
CHAPTER 4 ‘Open Building Prototype’ Design For Flexible Social Housing Units in Indonesia    49
1.    Research objectives    49
2.    Developing an appropriate size for social housing units in Indonesia (Ro1)    49
2.1.    Proposed unit size 4.8 meters x 9 meters = 43.2 sqm    49
2.2.    Support design    50
2.3.    Infill design    56
3.    Developing ‘support’ of a flexible social housing (Ro2)    62
3.1.    Support for a flexible social housing unit    62
3.2.    Flexible unit configurations at building floor level    63
3.3.    Flexible interior layout at unit level    68
4.    Discussion    72
4.1.    Developing an appropriate size for social housing units in Indonesia    72
4.2.    Developing ‘support’ of a flexible social housing unit and local materials    72
5.    Summary    72
CHAPTER 5 Application of ‘Open Building Prototype’ in a Social Housing Estate    75
1.     Research objectives    75
2.    Application ‘open building prototype’ design on the original site (Ro1)    75
2.1.     Layout plans on original site of Dupak Bangunrejo social housing    75
3.    Demonstrating ‘open building prototype’ for a flexible social housing building (Ro2)    77
3.1.    Skeleton structural form for flexible base building    77
3.2.    Vertical utility for unit shaft and two different operation areas    79
3.3.    Spacious hallways and two stairs for public circulations    80
3.4.    Maximum natural daylight and air circulation    81
4.    Demonstrating spatial flexibility of the open building prototype design (Ro3)    83
4.1.    Three different layouts for three different households (type B)    83
4.2.     Different layouts for three phases of household D (type B)    87
5.    Demonstrating benefits of ‘open building prototype’ design to solve problems in small units (Ro4)    92
5.1.     Skeleton structure for flexible space requirements    92
5.2.     Accessible shaft for improper utility problem in service area    93
5.3.     Moveable, reusable, modular partition for flexible space changes and privacy in unit    94
6.    Discussion    95
6.1.    Demonstrating spatial flexibility for unit/infill    95
7.    Summary    95
CHAPTER 6 Conclusions and Recommendations    97
1.    Conclusions    97
1.1.    Environmental behavior analysis of social housing units    97
1.2.    Open building prototype design for flexible social housing units    98
1.3.    Application  of open building prototype in social housing estate    98
2.    Recommendations    99
2.1.    Environmental behavior analysis for social housing units    99
2.2.    ‘Open building prototype’ design for a flexible social housing in Indonesia    100
2.3.    Application of open building prototype in social housing estate    101
References    103
Appendix-A Biographical Sketch    107
Appendix-B Questionnaire (Interview)    109
Appendix-C Result of Questionnaire (Interview)    114

                                

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