資料整合是都市邁向數位治理的基礎工作。本文以政府機關推動數位化都市管理的論點，研究如何從制度、策略、執行與系統開發四個面向提出一個數位發展藍圖架構，並提供政府部門推動建築數位資訊料應用的可執行的方法。建築資訊模型(Building Information Modeling，簡稱BIM)的Industry Foundation Classes(簡稱IFC)資料應用是本文討論的核心議題，以IFC與COBie建置基礎資訊平台使其成為都市管理永續發展的資訊骨幹。
基礎資訊平台是一個共同資料環境（CDE），它包含都市管理資料庫、IFC物件參數資料庫與地理資訊資料庫。本文以臺北市政府及新北市政府數位化轉型的系統發展經驗為例，導入IFC與COBie標準作為開放資料格式，在資料應用上，本次做了三個層次的資料整合與驗證，用以建立GIS，BIM和設施基本資料之間自動化數據連接方法。
在GIS和BIM資料整合，以地籍圖、地形圖、土地使用分區圖三項基本圖說建立3D的基礎資訊平台，在BIM模型的建築執照作業樣版，導入TWD97座標系統(含X,Y,Z軸)於模型專案資訊欄位，使建築基地與資訊平台上的地籍圖的座標可以進行連結。藉由3D Web的資訊操作介面，讓建築師可以將建築物設計的基本資料上傳資訊平台，作為智慧城市永續發展的重要媒介。
在BIM和設施基本資料整合，本研究透過IFC和COBie的欄位資料匯入後端的共同資料庫，讓建築模型與機電模型可以整合在同一個參考座標系統，本研究藉由討論IfcSpace、IfcObject與IfcSenerType屬性管理，成功串接BIM模型的空間資料與設施元件資料，解決現有的2D建築圖說與機電圖說整合不易的問題。
本文的重要成果是自動化的資料驗證機制，導入IFD的語意分析架構，針對每一個法條的語詞與前後的邏輯依賴關係(直接與間接關係分析)，整理可參數化的法條與可檢測的內容。再與業務單位討論得出最終分析的結果，據以進行四個類型法規檢測程式的編寫。
從推動藍圖的整體架構總結，本文在系統開發面，以法規檢測系統協助建築執照審查人員在審查過程中提高對資料正確率的判讀。建築師善用這一套檢測系統，其實可以減輕的過去耗費在許多人力在各項圖說面積數值校對。在制度面，它協助建築執照的審查模式朝向無紙化與數位化應用，在策略面，鼓勵產業界學習BIM新技術，提升工作效能。在執行面，建立政府機關與產業界互動機制，提供城市發展所需的基礎資料。

Data integration is an infrastructure work towards digital governance for cities development. The thesis discusses the digital city management from the government’s perspective and establishes a framework of digital development in four aspects including institution, strategy, execution, and system development. It also proposes a roadmap and an implementation method for digital data integration. The application of the Building Information Model (BIM) is the main topic discussed in this study. The IFC data format is adopted to connect the geographic information of the external environment and the maintenance- d ata of the facilities and equipment of the internal space in the building, The infrastructure information platform can be the backbone of sustainable information development of urban management.
The infrastructure information platform is a common data environment (CDE), which includes an urban management database, an IFC object parameter database, and a geographic information database. The thesis takes the experience of the digital system development promoted by the Taipei City government and the New Taipei City government as an example. The IFC and COBie standards are introduced as open data formats to establish an automated data connection method between GIS, BIM, and facility data.
Integrating GIS and BIM data, the 3D infrastructure information platform is established with cadastral maps, topographic maps, and land use zoning maps, the three important maps utilized in urban management. In the BIM model template, this research imports the TWD97 coordinate system (including X, Y, Z-axis) into the model project information. Thus, the coordinates of the building site and the cadastral map can be linked on the information platform. The platform provides the 3D Web operation interface. Architects can submit BIM model to the platform. Based on this mechanism, it can assist the smart city policy for sustainable development.
The thesis adopts the IFC and COBie standards to integrate BIM and facility data into the common data environment. Thus, the building model and the MEP models can be integrated with the same coordinate system. This research, besides, discusses property management with IfcSpace, IfcObject, and IfcSenerType that can define the space and the object data successfully. By this method, it can bridge the gap between the 2D building plan and MEP plan.
One of the significant contributions of this research is to establish an automatic data verification mechanism. Via the semantic analysis method of IFD, the keyword of each parameterizable law can be marked, and the logical dependencies (e.g. the direct and indirect relationship) can be recognized. These analytical results are the base for developing rules checking program. The rules-checking program can be divided into four types.
In the system development aspect, the rules checking system can assist the reviewer to increase the data accuracy in the building permitting process. If architects use this system well, they can reduce the manpower for correcting the area values of various drawings. In the institutional aspect, it makes possible the paperless and digital applications for the building permit. In the strategic aspect, it encourages the construction industry to learn new BIM technology, raising work efficiency. In the strategic aspect, it establishes an interactive mechanism for the government agencies and the industry and provides basic data for urban development. the mechanism between government agencies and industry and provides basic data for urban development.

一、 英文書籍
1.Chuck, E., P. Teicholz, R. Sacks, and K. Liston. 2011. BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers and Contractors.2 nd ed. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

二、 英文期刊
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3.Burcin B. G., A. M.ASCE, Farrokh J., Nan L., and Gulben C. 2012. " Application areas and data requirements for BIM-enabled facilities management.", Journal of construction engineering and management 138.3 (2012): 431-442.
4.Bettencourt, L. M. A. 2014." The Uses of Big Data in cities." Big Data, 2 (1): 12 - 22. doi:10.1089/big.2013.0042.
5.Bolívar, M. P. R., and A. J. Meijer. 2016." Smart Governance: Using a Literature Review and Empirical Analysis to Build a Research Model." Social Science Computer Review,34 (6): 673 - 692. doi:10.1177/0894439315611088.
6.Barns, S., E. Cosgrave, M. Acuto, and D. Mcneill 2017. " Digital Infrastructures and Urban Governance." Urban Policy and Research 35 (1): 20 – 31. doi:10.1080/08111146.2016.1235032.
7.Barns, S. 2018. " Smart Cities and Urban Data Platforms: Designing Interfaces for Smart Governance." City, Culture and Society 12: 5 -12. doi:10.1016/j.ccs.2017.09.006.
8.Cheng, J., Y. Deng and Q. Du. 2013." Mapping Between BIM Models and 3D GIS City Models of Different Levels of Detail." In Proceeding of the 13th International Conference on Construction Applications of Virtual Reality, London, UK, 30-31 October 2013: 502 - 514. UK: Teesside University.
9.Choi, J. ,and I. Kim. 2015." Development of an Open BIM-Based Legality System for Building Administration Permission Services." Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering 14 (3): 577-584. doi:10.3130/jaabe.14.577.
10.Castelnovo, W., G. Misuraca, and A. Savoldelli. 2016." Smart Cities Governance: The Need for a Holistic Approach to Assessing Urban Participatory Policy Making." Social Science Computer Review 34(6): 724-739. doi:10.1177/0894439315611103.
11.Cheng, J. C. P., W. Chen, K. Chen, and Q. Wang. 2020. "Data-Driven Predictive Maintenance Planning Framework for MEP Components Based on BIM and IoT Using Machine Learning Algorithms." Automation in Construction 112: 103087. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2016.03.006.
12.Donath Dirk, D. Lobos,2008," Typing the shape of a building: Zoning Planning Support Tool for individual plots in Architectural Design", AMIT 4 (2008) 1-11.
13.De Laat, Ruben, and Leon Van Berlo. 2011, "Integration of BIM and GIS: The development of the CityGML GeoBIM extension." Advances in 3D geo-information sciences. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2011. 211-225.
14.Daniel.Tuhus-Dubrow, M.Krarti. 2010, "Genetic-algorithm based approach to optimize building envelope design for residential buildings", Building and environment, 45(7), (2010)1574-1581.
15.Digital Built Britain. 2015. "Level 3 Building Information Modelling - Strategic Plan" Centre for Digital Built Britain. Access time (month date). https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/410096/bis-15-155-digital-built-britain-level-3-strategy.pdf
16.Dameri, R. P., and C. Benevolo. 2016, "Governing Smart Cities: an Empirical Analysis." Social Science Computer Review 34 (6): 693-707. doi:10.1177/0894439315611093.
17.Deng, Y. J. C. P. Cheng, and C. Anumba. 2016, " Mapping Between BIM and 3D GIS in Different Levels of Detail Using Schema Mediation and Instance Comparison." Automation in Construction 67: 1-21. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2016.03.006.
18.Dave, B. A. Buda, A. Nurminen, K. Främling. 2018." A Framework for Integrating BIM and IoT Through Open Standards." Automation in Construction 95: 35-45. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2018.07.022.
19.Eastman, C., J. -M. Lee, Y. -S. Jeong, and J. -K. Lee. 2009."Automatic Rule-Based Checking of Building Designs." Automation in construction, 18 (8), 1011-1033. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2009.07.002.
20.Hermosilla T., Ruiz L. A., Recio J. A., and Cambra-López, M. 2012.” Assessing contextual descriptive features for plot-based classification of urban areas.” Landscape and Urban Planning, 106(1), 124-137.
21.Han, H., and S. Hawken. 2018. "Introduction: Innovation and Identity in Next-Generation Smart Cities." City, culture and society 12: 1-4. doi:10.1016/j.ccs.2017.12.003.
22.Ho, E. 2017. "Smart Subjects for a Smart Nation? Governing (Smart) Mentalities in Singapore." Urban Studies 54 (13): 3101-3118. doi:10.1177/0042098016664305.
23.Håvard Bell, 2012, "IFD and IFC,buildingSMART Data Dictionary",Product Room 20th , 2012 March
24.Hussain, E, and J. Shan. 2016. "Urban Building Extraction Through Object-Based Image Classification Assisted by Digital Surface Model and Zoning Map." International Journal of Image and Data Fusion 7(1): 63-82.
25.Jin Kook Lee, Eastman C.M., J. Lee, M. Kannala, Y. S. Jeong. 2010. "Computing walking distances within buildings using the universal circulation network." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 37(4) (2010) 628-645.
26.Krylovskiy, A., M. Jahn, and E. Patti. 2015. "Designing a Smart City Internet of Things Platform with Microservice Architecture." In 2015 3rd International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud Rome, Italy, 24-26 August 2015: 25-30. New York: IEEE.
27.Kang, T. W., and C. H. Hong. 2015. "A Study on Software Architecture for Effective BIM/GIS-Based Facility Management Data Integration." Automation in construction 54: 25-38. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2015.03.019.
28.Kitchin, R and G. McArdle. 2016."Urban Data and City Dashboards: Six Key issues." The Programmable City Working Paper 21: 1-21. doi:10.31235/osf.io/k2epn.
29.Lee, H., J. -K. Lee, S. Park, and I. Kim. 2016. "Translating Building Legislation into a Computer-Executable Format for Evaluating Building Permit Requirements."Automation in Construction 71: 49-61. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2016.04.008.
30.Liu, X., X. Wang, G. Wright, J. Cheng, X. Li, and R. Liu. 2017. "A State-of-the-Art Review on the Integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Geographic Information System (GIS)." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 6(2): 53. doi:10.3390/ijgi6020053.
31.Lv. Zhihan, Li. X., Wang. W., Zhang B., Hu. J. and Feng S. 2018. “Government affairs service platform for smart city”. Future Generation Computer Systems, 81, 443-451.
32.Lee, Yong-Cheol, Charles M. Eastman, and Wawan Solihin.,2016, "An ontology-based approach for developing data exchange requirements and model views of building information modeling." Advanced Engineering Informatics 30.3 (2016): 354-367.
33.McArthur, J. J. 2015. "A building information management (BIM) framework and supporting case study for existing building operations, maintenance and sustainability.", Procedia engineering 118 (2015): 1104-1111.
34.O'Reilly, T. 2011."Government as a Platform." Innovations Technology Governance Globalization 6 (1): 13-40. doi:10.1162/INOV_a_00056.
35.Nawari, Nawari O.,2020." Generalized Adaptive Framework for Computerizing the Building Design Review Process." Journal of Architectural Engineering,(2020), 26.1: 04019023.
36.Pettit, C., A. Bakelmun, S. N. Lieske, S. Glackin, K. ‘C.’ Hargroves, G. Thomson, H. Shearer, H. Dia, and P. Newman. 2018." Planning Support Systems for Smart Cities." City, culture and society 12: 13-24. doi:10. 1016/j.ccs.2017.10.002.
37.Richard See, Jan Karlshoej and Dianne Davis.,20121" An Integrated Process for Delivering IFC Based Data Exchange ", buildingSMART internation home of open BIM, 2012. 09.16
38.Solihin, W., and C. Eastman. 2015. "Classification of Rules for Automated BIM Rule Checking Development." Automation in Construction 53: 69-82. doi:10.1016/j.autcon.2015.03.003.
39.Silva, B. M. Khan, and K. Han. 2018. " Towards Sustainable Smart Cities: A Review of Trends, Architectures, Components, and Open Challenges in Smart Cities." Sustainable Cities and Society 38: 697-713. doi:10.1016/j.scs.2018.01.053.
40.Scheffer, M., M. Konig, T. Engelmann, L. C. Tagliabue, A. L. C. Ciribini, S. Rinaldi, and M. Pasetti. 2018. " Evaluation of Open Data Models for the Exchange of Sensor Data in Cognitive Building." In 2018 Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 and IoT., Brescia, Italy, 16-18 April 2018: 151-156. New York: IEEE.
41.Shahi, K.,B. Y. McCabe, and A. Shahi. 2019. " Framework for Automated Model-Based e-Permitting System for Municipal Jurisdictions." Journal of Management in Engineering 35(6): 04019025-1-04019025-10. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000712.
42.Vilgertshofer, S., J. Amann, B. Willenborg, A. Borrmann, and T. H. Kolbe. 2017. " Linking BIM and GIS models in infrastructure by example of IFC and CityGML." In ASCE International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering 2017, Seattle, Washington, 25-27 June 2017: 133-140. Reston, VA: ASCE.
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三、 中文書籍
49.中華民國公共工程資訊學會，99年度「建造執照電腦輔助查核及應用之研究」，臺北市建築管理處，2010年12月，臺北市。
50.中華民國公共工程資訊學會，100年度「新北市建造執照電腦輔助查核系統」，2013年12月，新北市。
51.臺北市政府都市發展局105、106年度「臺北市都市開發審議暨建築執照審查BIM應用發展計畫」採購案第3、4期，臺北市。
52.新北市政府工務局105、106年度新北市公有建築空間管理系統建置及示範區空間基礎圖資應用案(第1、2期)，新北市。
53.桃園市政府住宅發展處在107年底啟動「桃園市社會住宅建築資訊模型(BIM)、智慧建築、綠建築於維護管理機制」計畫，桃園市。
54.臺北市政府都市發展局主辦建築工程建築資訊建模(BIM)竣工模型屬性資料作業規範，2018年11月，臺北市。
55.陳建忠、施宣光，2015，臺灣 cobie-tw 標準與使用指南規劃與雛型建置，內政部建築研究所，2015年12月，新北市。
56.黃正翰，2016，我國BIM全生命週期編碼發展與國際編碼標準銜接之研究，內政部建築研究所 2016年12月，新北市。
57.鄭泰昇，2016，BIM 雲端作業之先導應用與 AEC 產業 4.0升級策略規劃研究， 內政部建築研究所，2016年12月，新北市。
58.施宣光、嚴國雄，，2017，應用IFC記載建築技術規則檢測資訊之研究—建築設計施工編第1、2章，內政部建築研究所，2017年12月，新北市。
59.施宣光、嚴國雄，2018，應用IFC記載建築技術規則檢測資訊之研究二）建築設計施工編防火與避難檢討，內政部建築研究所，2018年12月，新北市。
60.施宣光、黃毓舜，2019，公有建築物繳交建築資訊建模(BIM)竣工模型之建材與設備交付資訊內容研究」，內政部建築研究所，2019年12月，新北市。
61.黃毓舜，「107-108年度數位建築創新應用服務建置計畫—BIM模型資料屬性結合建管資料庫規劃分析報告書」，內政部營建署，2019年12月，臺北市。
62.黃毓舜、黃正翰，應用BIM輔助建築維護管理作業指南之研擬，內政部建築研究所，2020年12月，新北市。

四、 中文論文

63.王政揚，2011，以BIM為基礎建構建築設計審查輔助系統之適用分析，碩士論文，國立成功大學土木工程系研究所，總頁：90，2011 臺南市。
64.南方英，電腦輔助建築量體設計之方法，碩士論文，國立臺灣大學土木工程系研究所，總頁：59，2011 臺北市。
65.張 翔，2017，國內BIM紀錄模型(record model)發展之研究，碩士論文，國立中央大學營建管理研究所，總頁：120，2017，桃園市。
66.陳桂茂，建築工程BIM竣工模型驗收模式之研究，碩士論文，國立臺北科技大學土木工程系土木與防災碩士班（碩士在職專班），總頁：113，2017。臺北市
67.曾淑娟，2018，建築資訊模型（Building Information Modeling）之執行可行性分析：新北市建築執照電腦輔助查核系統個案研究，碩士論文，國立政治大學行政管理碩士學程，總頁：139，2018。臺北市。
68.黃毓舜，以BIM推動數位化建築管理新思維文，臺灣建築學會81期，頁：19-27；2016年1月，臺北市。
69.黃毓舜、彭瑞章，2018，BIM4.0--啟動工程資訊化AI新思維； 技師期刊79期；頁：16-23，2017年12月，臺北市
70.黃毓舜，2018，建築AI與智慧治理， 台大BIM聯盟第一季論壇2018年3月，臺北市。
71.黃毓舜, 施宣光,黃立德，2021, 公有建築物繳交建築資訊建模(BIM)竣工模型之建材與設備交付資訊內容研究, 臺灣建築學會「建築學報」第115期增刊（技術專刊），P：17~26頁，2021年3月，臺北市。

五 網址
72.IfcProject,
https://standards.buildingsmart.org/IFC/RELEASE/IFC2x3/FINAL/HTML/ifckernel/lexical/ifcproject.htm (date:2021/06/25)
73.IfcSite,
https://standards.buildingsmart.org/IFC/RELEASE/IFC2x/ADD1/HTML/ifcproductextension/lexical/ifcsite.html (date:2021/06/25)
74.IfcBuilding,
http://www.bim-times.com/ifc/ifc2x3/ifcproductextension/lexical/ifcbuilding.htm (date:2021/06/25)
75.IfcBuildingStorey,
https://iaiweb.lbl.gov/Resources/IFC_Releases/R2x3_final/ifcproductextension/lexical/ifcbuildingstorey.htm (date:2021/06/25)
76.IfcSpace,
https://iaiweb.lbl.gov/Resources/IFC_Releases/R2x3_final/ifcproductextension/lexical/ifcspace.htm (date:2021/06/25)
77.IfcObject
https://standards.buildingsmart.org/IFC/RELEASE/IFC2x3/FINAL/HTML/ifckernel/lexical/ifcobject.htm (date:2021/06/25)