[摘要]
本研究的目的，係利用正壓送風方式，以浴廁空間作為住宅相對安全避難據點，阻擋煙毒之入侵，藉此讓因火災受困住宅空間中無法逃出之人員獲得寶貴的黃金救援時間。影響相對安全避難據點系統之主要因素有：(i)浴廁之氣密性、(ii)設備之送風量、(iii)內外之壓力差。
經本研究所得結果如下：
一、住宅各單元空間，若以起火源判別，浴廁空間與陽台空間為較佳之避難空間；而浴廁 空間與陽台空間，若以防火區劃之完整性、單位面積低熱釋放率、臥房空間步行距離短為判別條件，可得浴廁空間為最佳之相對安全避難據點。
二、經理論公式計算及全尺寸模擬實驗數據取其大值，建議設計正壓防煙之壓力差，至少需到達火災規模所產生壓力差的兩倍，因此兩側最小壓力差為50Pa。由於本研究壓力差測量儀器之單位為mmH2O，因此設定兩側最小壓力差為5mmH2O為判定標準。
三、經現況調查試驗顯示，當浴廁空間不做任何改善措施，若要維持內外壓力差5mmH2O正壓條件下，其基礎洩漏量平均需要11.68m3/min的送風量。
四、經現況調查試驗顯示，相同隔局大小，5mmH2O的內外壓力差，其各樓層浴廁空間送風量最多相差0.67m3/min，各樓層風量變化呈現S型的曲線。
五、主要影響洩漏量多寡的因素為天花板的孔隙大小。當送風機增加送風量，加大內外壓力差，將會導致維修孔蓋漂浮脫離，造成大量氣體從天花板後方之排水管線洩漏。
六、經現場模擬試驗顯示，一般門縫狀態下相較於浴廁全封閉狀態，若維持內外壓力差5mmH2O，需增加送風量0.93m3/min。
七、經現況調查與現場模擬試驗顯示，欲維持浴廁內外壓差壓力差5mmH2O之條件，風機之總送風量應為12.61 m3/min。
八、經市場調查市售60Hz抽送風機葉扇直徑達6"以上之風機皆可滿足送風量12.61 m3/min之要求。
關鍵字：相對安全避難據點、正壓送風系統、壓力差、送風量

ABSTRACT
This research aims to make use of positive pressure blower to prevent the smoke, heat and carbon dioxide from a smoke filled space of the fire. It can enhances the safety of the people were trapped when the only getting out of way of house was broken. From the results of our research, we got much time for the trapped people. The main factors involved in a safety stronghold shelter relatively are: (a) air permeability (b) air flow (c) pressure difference.
The results are summarized below.
1.According to the fire source, bathroom and balcony are better to differentiate between unites in a residential building. According to the fire compartmentation, heat release rate and distance from room, bathroom is the best safety refuge base to differentiate between bathroom and balcony.
2.According to theory and the full scale experience, it chooses the maximal and suggests the pressure difference in pressurization system at least twice. It should be 50 Pa but we use 5 mmH2O to differentiate because of a unit of the instrument.
3.According to the field test in a residential building, it shows that the bathroom have no improve to need 11.68 m3/min of air flow for carryover leakages in 5mmH2O the pressure difference.
4.According to the field test in a residential building, it shows that the same pattern space have different maximum 0.67m3/min of air flow and each floor of air flow presents the S-shaped of the cart.
5.The main factors involved in leakages are the cracks of the ceiling. The more air flow increases, the more different pressure increases. It makes some energy compress lid from the ceiling to the drifted air. It causes much air leakage to the pipes in the back of the ceiling.
6.According to the field test in Taiwan TECH NO.2, it shows that the door leakages increases 0.67m3/min of air flow than the closed in 5mmH2O the pressure difference.
7.According to the field test in a residential building and the field test in Taiwan TECH NO.2, it shows that the total air flow is 12.61m3/min in 5mmH2O the pressure difference.
8.According to the field test in Taiwan TECH NO.2, it shows that the air flow should be 12.61 m3/min at least in 5mmH2O the pressure difference. More than diameter 6"of the fan (60Hz) can satisfy the needs of air flow by market research.

Keyword：a Safety Refuge Base、Pressurization System、Pressure Difference、Air Flow

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