在本次研究中，我們透過一步合成出複合材料的方式，來增加背電極的催化能力。因此選擇在原有的CuxS奈米顆粒中添加g-C3N4的前驅物，研發出一種新穎的CuxS/g-C3N4背電極。此種複合材料背電極結合了CuxS具有高催化活性的優勢、由硫脲形成的g-C3N4的網狀結構能讓CuxS更緻密於填滿背電極表面等優點，使得催化效果能夠大幅度的提升。從循環伏安法(Cyclic Voltammetry, CV)分析中以及背電極半電池的電化學阻抗分析(Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, EIS)中可以觀察到，背電極以及電解液之間的傳遞阻抗都有明顯的改善。在後續的光電轉換效率(Power Conversion Efficiency, PCE)鑑定上能看到短路電流密度(short-circuit current density, Jsc)從原先的23.4 mA/cm2 提升至27.3 mA/cm2，因此在PCE值上也從原先的7.79 %提升至9.10 %。
除此之外，我們也將CuxSe背電極取代原有的CuxS背電極並運用於其中。首先，在電化學分析上，同樣因為添加具有網狀結構的g-C3N4的CuxSe背電極能讓CuxSe奈米顆粒有更多的催化的接觸面積，同樣與CuxS/g-C3N4有較佳的表現。反映到光電轉換效率上， Jsc也從原先的24.4 mA/cm2上升到最佳條件的26.1 mA/cm2，因此也導致最後的效率值從原先的9.09 %上升到9.84 %。
並且在CuxS/g-C3N4以及CuSSe/g-C3N4兩部分的電化學組抗分析實驗下得到了g-C3N4能夠有效的改善背電極與電解液介面之間的問題；並且添加適量的g-C3N4能改變複合材料的結構進而提升整體的化學穩定性，最後從循環伏安法(Cyclic Voltammetry, CV)中也能觀察到背電極的穩定性能有效地提升，成為新一代背電極的應用。

Due to further enhance the catalytic ability of the counter electrode, we try to add some thiourea, precursor of g-C3N4, in our experiment. Besides, we create an innovative CuxS/g-C3N4 counter electrode. Combining the advantage of high catalytic activity from CuxS and the merit of more active site as well as well-distributed for CuxS on the surface of counter electrode from g-C3N4. Consequently, we can observe from the Tafel analysis and dummy cell EIS analysis of counter electrode that exchange current density and resistance value have improve by the addition. Thus, in the latter experiment of the power conversion efficiency, it has a significant change that the Jsc increase from the pristine CuxS CEs 23.4(mA/cm2) to a best condition CuxS/g-C3N4(20) CEs 27.3(mA/cm2). As a result, the PCE value also uprise from 7.79% to 9.10%.
Moreover, we replace CuxS to a much better catalytic material CuxSe, that have been proved to use in the application of counter electrode. In electrochemistry analysis, with the added of g-C3N4, it has also a better performance than the original condition. The reason why it has a better consequce is also the same with CuS/g-C3N4 CEs. It can provide more contact area to the material of pristine counter electrode. When reflecting on the PCE result, we can also require the consequence that Jsc increase from 24.4(mA/cm2) from the original condition to 26.1(mA/cm2) from the better condition. As a result, PCE value also raise from 9.09% to 9.84%.
Finally, we acquire the result that g-C3N4 can effectively fix the interface problem between counter electrode and electrolyte. Besides from the analysis of cyclic voltammetry, with the adequate amount of g-C3N4, it can enhance the stability of the counter electrode and applying it for the CE in the new generation.

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