微乳液具有奈米等級的粒徑、單一相以及穩定的熱力學性質，因此常被運用於藥物傳遞。為了穩定油水界面，需要大量的表面活性劑，因此可能對人體有害。纖維素及其衍生物為皮克林乳液（PEC）的乳化劑。儘管纖維素材料的無毒性質，PE被假定可用於藥物輸送基質，但PE系統粒徑尺寸多數落在1μm，可能會降低藥物的滲透效率。
在本研究中，以不同濃度的CNC溶液用作水相，目的是減少Tween80的使用。除了CNC和Tween80外，由於蓖麻油的藥理活性作為油相，而乙醇得無害性質作為助表面活性劑。結果表示，有較高CNC的系統可以在波動的溫度呈穩定並且可以抵抗重力影響。

Microemulsion (ME) is widely used in medical application for drug delivery in human body due to its nano-scale particle size, single phase and thermodynamically stable. ME is composed of lipophilic and hydrophilic material, with addition of surfactant and co-surfactant. To stabilize the lipo-hydrophilic interface, a substantial amount of surfactant is needed which in consequence may harmful for human. Cellulose and its derivatives have been extensively utilized as solid emulsifying agent for stabilizing pickering emulsion (PE). Although PE postulated to be applicable for drug delivery matrices due to the non-toxic nature of cellulose-based materials, PE droplets usually are as small as 1 μm, which might affect the drug penetration through the stratum corneum barrier.
As a result, in this study CNC solution at different concentrations were used as the hydrophilic phase with aim to reduce the usage of surfactant (Tween80). Beside CNC solution and Tween80, castor oil was used as the lipophilic phase due to its various pharmacological activity while ethanol was used as cosurfactant due to its harmless nature. The systems with relative high concentration of CNC have better stability against the fluctuated temperature and the effect of gravity.

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