一般細菌及微生物會聚集附著於常與水接觸之材料表面形成生物膜，如生物膜形成於醫療裝置和材料表面常會造成傷口癒合困難及感染的併發症。本論文研究了幾種策略來防止生物膜形成或破壞已成熟之生物膜，生物膜的組成除了細菌外還有保護細菌之胞外多醣（EPS）基質，通常難以利用一般之抗生素將被保護之細菌殺死，而過氧化氫（H2O2）是一強氧化劑常也用於消毒滅菌，本研究在藻酸鈣水凝膠膜中摻入乙酰化澱粉（AS）和澱粉葡萄糖苷酶 及葡萄糖氧化酶（AMG-GOX），製備出可持續產生H2O2之凝膠膜，且證實其有抗微生物和生物膜之效果。納米銀顆粒（AgNPs）因其具有十分有效的抗微生物活性，近年來被廣泛研究及應用，藻酸鈣膜和磁性納米粒子（MNPs）表面可容易地接附上單寧酸，而可直接將溶液中之銀離子還原成AgNPs，具有AgNPs藻酸鈣膜和磁性粒子皆表現出優良之抗菌和抗生物膜活性。此外利用Tollen試劑可將AgNPs直接形成在包覆有羧甲基殼聚醣（CMCS）的MNP上， CMCS本身之殺菌的能力加上所形成之AgNP，可大幅增加此複合磁性粒子之抗微生物活性，利用磁場可使此磁粒更有效地嵌入生物膜而殺死其中之細菌。精油（EO）可有效殺死多種細菌和病毒，利用纖維素納米晶體（CNC）所形成的Pickering乳液可有效地將EO包覆起來而均勻分散於水中，EO微乳液可被均勻包埋於海藻酸鈣膜中，而持續釋放出EO達到抗菌和抗生物膜之效果。

Generally, bacteria and microorganism aggregates and adheres to the surface of materials that are often in contact with water to form biofilm. For example, biofilm formation on medical devices and materials that often causes difficulty in wound healing and complications of infection. This dissertation studied several strategies to prevent biofilm formation or eradicate mature biofilm. The structure of biofilm that contains extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) as main matrix provides protection that makes it difficult to be disassembled by conventional antibiotic treatment. Reactive oxygen species hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has been known as strong oxidizing agent used to kill bacteria. In this study, H2O2 producing system was developed by incorporating acetylated starch (AS) and dual enzyme amyloglucosidase-glucose oxidase (AMG-GOX) in calcium alginate hydrogel membrane. Sustained release of H2O2 from the presented AS-AMG-GOX loaded alginate hydrogel membrane proved to have antimicrobial and biofilm eradication effect. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been widely studied for its antimicrobial activity. In this study, AgNPs was grafted on two template, calcium alginate membrane and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). AgNPs green synthesis by tannic acid has been studied to be prepared in aqueous solution at room temperature. We prepared tannic acid-coated calcium alginate membrane to directly synthesize AgNPs on the template. AgNPs was effectively synthesized on tannic acid-coated membrane and exhibited antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. AgNPs was grafted on carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) coated MNPs with Tollen’s reagent. CMCS itself has shown ability to kill bacteria and by grafting both CMCS and AgNPs on MNPs, its antimicrobial activity could be achieved. It also exhibited antibiofilm activity by killing cells embedded in biofilm more effectively. The advantage of MNPs@CMCS-AgNPs is retrievable using magnetic field. Essential oil (EO) has been studied to effectively kill several bacterial and viral pathogens due to the presence of different types of antimicrobial compounds in it. To provide protection against environment, EO was encapsulated. EO-in-water microemulsions could be obtained by one-step microencapsulation utilizing cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) based Pickering emulsion with composition of 20 mM NaCl and 0.1 wt% as the most stable and well-dispersed microemulsion. Furthermore, calcium alginate membrane was applied to provide more protection and control release. Essential oil in emulsion showed antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity.

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