In this paper, nine closed-loop supply chain models with remanufacturing are constructed for the purpose of illustrating the impact of (i) The product quality improvement held by the manufacturer, (ii) The marketing sales improvement held by the retailer, and (iii) The special case of product quality and marketing sales improvement at the same time by both the manufacturer and the retailer, through three different benchmarks of the collector of the used products: manufacturer, retailer, and third-party. The Manufacturer-Stackelberg is considered as the solving problem. In the special case, we found that retailer collecting used product is the most suitable strategy among the others. Numerical analyses are provided to illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed models. At the end, interesting managerial insights are provided.

In this paper, nine closed-loop supply chain models with remanufacturing are constructed for the purpose of illustrating the impact of (i) The product quality improvement held by the manufacturer, (ii) The marketing sales improvement held by the retailer, and (iii) The special case of product quality and marketing sales improvement at the same time by both the manufacturer and the retailer, through three different benchmarks of the collector of the used products: manufacturer, retailer, and third-party. The Manufacturer-Stackelberg is considered as the solving problem. In the special case, we found that retailer collecting used product is the most suitable strategy among the others. Numerical analyses are provided to illustrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed models. At the end, interesting managerial insights are provided.

Abstract i
Acknowledgement ii
List of Tables v
List of Figures vi
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
Chapter 2. Literature Review 4
2.1 Remanufacturing Strategy 4
2.2 Product Quality and Marketing Effort 6
Chapter 3. Model Assumptions and Notations 8
3.1 Assumption 8
3.2 Notation 9
3.3 Closed-Loop Supply Chain Model 10
3.3.1 Manufacturer Model (M-model) 10
3.3.2 Retailer Model (R-Model) 11
3.3.3 Third-party Model (3P-Model) 11
3.4 Manufacturer-quality and Retailer-marketing effort Demand 12
3.4.1 Product Quality Improvement Effort Demand 12
3.4.2 Marketing Sales Improvement Effort Demand 12
3.4.3 Product Quality and Marketing Sales Improvement Effort Demand 13
Chapter 4. Models and Optimal/Equilibrium Solutions 14
4.1 Product quality improvement effort 15
4.1.1 Model QM – The manufacturer collecting and remanufacturing used product with product quality improvement effort 15
4.1.2 Model QR – The retailer collecting used products and the manufacturer utilizing remanufacture system with product quality improvement effort 18
4.1.3 Model Q3P – The third-party collecting used products and the manufacturer utilizing remanufacture system with product quality improvement effort 21
4.2 Marketing sales improvement effort 25
4.2.1 Model MM – The manufacturer collecting and remanufacturing used products with marketing sales effort. 26
4.2.2 Model MR – The retailer collecting used products and the manufacturer utilizing remanufacture system with marketing sales effort 29
4.2.3 Model M3P – The third-party collecting used products and the manufacturer utilizing remanufacture system with marketing sales effort 32
4.3 Marketing sales and product quality improvement effort 36
4.3.1 Model QMM – The manufacturer collecting and remanufacturing used products with product quality and marketing sales improvement effort 36
4.3.2 Model QMR – The retailer collecting used products and the manufacturer utilizing remanufacture system with product quality and marketing sales improvement effort 40
4.3.3 Model QM3P – The third-party collecting used products and the manufacturer utilizing remanufacture system with product quality and marketing sales improvement effort. 44
Chapter 5. Comparison of Proposed Closed-loop Supply Chain Models 53
5.1 The impact of the product quality improvement effort on M-Model, R-Model, and 3P-Model 53
5.2 The impact of the marketing sales improvement effort on M-Model, R-Model, and 3P-Model 60
5.3 The impact of the product quality and marketing sales improvement effort on M-Model, R-Model, and 3P-Model 66
Chapter 6. Conclusion and Future Research 77
References. 81
APPENDIX A. 86
APPENDIX B. 90