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研究生: 陳俊良
Chun-Liang Chen
論文名稱: 基於DSP立體視覺之機械手臂視覺伺服控制系統
DSP stereo vision-based robot visual servo control system
指導教授: 邱士軒
Shih-Hsuan Chiu
口試委員: 邱顯堂
Hsien-Tang Chiu
呂全斌
Chuan-Pin Lu
彭勝宏
Sheng-Hong Pong
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 材料科學與工程系
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年: 2012
畢業學年度: 100
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 80
中文關鍵詞: 影像伺服系統數位信號處理器六軸機械臂DM648
外文關鍵詞: Image servo systems, digital signal processor, six-axis manipulator, DM648
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  • 目前大部分的立體視覺伺服系統,其應用範圍多半以工業自動化為主,較少以娛樂或休閒為導向作開發,且主要開發核心皆以個人電腦為基本架構,造成系統成本過高且體積龐大,而數位訊號處理器(Digital Signal Processor, DSP)功能的提升,強化運算效能與增加儲存容量,因此可用來取代以個人電腦為主的立體視覺伺服系統。
    本研究利用德州儀器公司所生產之數位訊號處理器DM648,作為系統之開發平台,整合取像攝影機與六軸機械臂,建構一套三維空間的立體視覺伺服控制系統。
    研究中分為影像處理與運動控制二個系統,由影像處理系統計算出球的中心座標,將結果通知運動控制系統,規劃六軸機械臂以擬人的姿態進行追蹤紅球;經由實際測試,確實能正確計算出球之位置,進而能準確地進行追蹤並預備抓球。


    Most of the stereo vision systems in are currently designed for the industrial automation application. Few of them are created for recreational or leisure purposes, and besides, the core of their development is based on personal computer, resulting in the enormous system cost and huge volume. However, several functional upgrades of digital signal processor (DSP), including computing enhancement and increase of storage capacity, have enabled DSP to replace the personal computer-based Visual Servo Systems.
    The research utilized the DSP provided by Texas Instrument as the platform for system development, integrating visual capture cameras and Six-link robotic arms. build a three-dimensional visual servo control system.
    The research is divided into visual processing and motion control sub-systems. Visual processing sub-system will calculate the location coordinates of the ball, and then notify the motion control system the result, to formulate the robot arm in anthropomorphic ways to catch the ball. From actual field tests of this research, the system proves that it can accurately predict the catching area of the ball and then perform exact catching movements.

    摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 III 目錄 IV 圖索引 VIII 表索引 XII CHAPTER 1 緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 文獻回顧 2 1.3 研究動機與目的 7 1.4 論文架構 9 CHAPTER 2 系統硬體架構 10 2.1 攝影機 10 2.1.1 雙攝影機環境架設 11 2.1.2 攝影機校正與參數量測 12 2.1.3 攝影機之簡易影像校正 12 2.2 影像處理系統 14 2.2.1 TMS320DM648 DVDP 15 2.2.2 DM648之處理核心 16 2.2.3 C64x+ CPU 18 2.2.4 DM648之周邊模組 19 2.3 六軸機械臂運動控制系統 21 2.4 DSP上的軟體開發 21 2.4.1 Code Composer Studio (CCS) 21 2.4.2 CCS連接DM648 22 2.4.3 軟體發展流程 31 CHAPTER 3 理論及方法描述 36 3.1 影像處理系統 37 3.1.1 影像擷取格式 37 3.1.2 YCbCr顏色轉換 39 3.1.3 雜訊濾除並計算目標物中心 40 3.2 雙眼視覺系統與目標物座標量測 42 3.2.1 雙眼視覺之特性 43 3.2.2 單眼視覺測量景深 45 3.2.3 雙眼視覺測量景深 46 3.2.4 雙攝影機之架設 47 3.3 六軸機械手臂運動控制系統 49 3.3.1 六軸機械手臂之機構 49 3.3.2 運動學模型分析 49 3.3.3 正向運動學 49 3.3.4 反向運動學 52 3.4 資料傳輸之架構與程序 54 CHAPTER 4 機械手臂視覺伺服控制系統實驗 55 4.1 機械手臂視覺伺服控制系統實驗簡介 55 4.2 雙眼視覺系統與目標物座標量測 56 4.2.1 目標物辨識 56 4.3 機械手臂視覺伺服控制系統實驗環境 59 4.4 實驗結果 59 4.4.1 三維座標之計算方法 60 4.4.2 DSP端之資料傳輸流程 65 4.4.3 DSP之RS-232模組 65 4.4.4 BCB軟體介面端之資料傳輸流程 66 4.4.5 傳輸架構與程序流程 67 4.4.6 定點偵測座標 68 4.4.7 連續路徑手臂控制實驗 69 CHAPTER 5 結論與未來展望 74 5.1 結論 74 5.2 未來展望 75

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