膜蒸餾(Membrane Distillation)技術是一種能源使用較少的脫鹽技術(desalination)，其原理是使用疏水性多孔膜材為屏障，將熱端的處理水(feed)與冷端的過濾水(permeat)分開，利用溫度梯度為驅動力，使熱端的水蒸氣通過疏水膜並於冷端冷凝而回收，可產生水質極佳的過濾水，是一種可利用餘熱的水處理技術，可作為廢水回收再利用的有效方式。染整程序是一種用水量相當大的工業製造程序，產生大量高溫、高污染量、高色度的廢水，由於染整廢水的水溫較高，是一種相當有潛力以膜蒸餾技術進行廢水回收再利用的對象之一，但在染整程序中所添加的化學物質，如染色均染劑、後處理加工藥劑等，都是容易使疏水膜污染或潤濕的界面活性物質，往往使染整廢水的表面張力下降至50dyne/cm以下，造成薄膜蒸餾系統的處理效能降低。
本研究使用一種新且有效的方法進行疏水膜的阻隔處理，稱為複合水膠膜蒸餾系統(Hydrogel-covered membrane distillation, HcMD)，藉由特殊的水膠結構設計並與疏水膜適當的結合，可以降低疏水膜的膜孔潤濕問題，並保有實現工業化需求的膜通量，方法是使用一種高含水率的水膠層，置於膜蒸餾系統之熱端，隔開疏水膜與處理水，利用水膠層中特殊的水膠高分子與水分子間的交互作用與網目(mesh size)的設計，使界面活性物質不易穿過水膠層，而避免疏水膜遭潤濕，使膜蒸餾系統可以處理含表面活性劑的廢水，除此之外，處理含油性物質的水樣也有同樣的保護效果。

A novel approach was developed to suppress surfactant wetting during membrane distilling industrial wastewater. In this work, a thin layer of agarose hydrogel was attached to the surface of hydrophobic porous Teflon membrane called hydrogel-covered membrane distillation (HcMD). This composite membrane was tested against aqueous NaCl solution containing various surfactants to determine the effectiveness for preventing surfactant wetting. These surfactants included sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), Tween20, and Tween85. The results showed that no wetting occurred during the 24 h period of membrane distillation against 10 mg/L of SDS or Tween20. On the other hand, surfactant still penetrated through the hydrogel when the concentration was above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the surfactant. Even so, the wetting occurred to a lower extent at a slower pace. In addition, no wetting was observed when testing against dyeing wastewater. A model to explain this phenomenon was proposed based on the entrapment of surfactant at the interface between water and hydrogel. Although the attachment of agarose hydrogel layer would reduce the flux to about 71% of the flux using bare membrane, this approach did make membrane distillation able to recover highly pure water from dyeing wastewater.

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