智能卡演進歷史，從磁條卡到IC卡（智能卡） (維基百科)；接觸式IC卡到非接觸式卡；單一功能到多功能卡不斷發展創新，具保密性，儲存量大，技術升級，適用標準與規範的變化，帶動了行業及市場的發展，廣泛用於金融、通信、健康及交通等領域。
新的智能卡規格，在卡的架構加入生物識別功能，以個人生物特徵進行身份認證，取代傳統密碼輸入，不影響既有的私鑰存儲安全保護，加密運作與操作系統隔離；在金融行業提供創新方案，保護個人隱私及提高身份認證安全性，新的用戶體驗。以生物特徵的唯一性，確保人與卡及安全的防護，解決卡片偽造或遺失，密碼容易被竊取或遺忘等問題。
指紋辨識方案在生物辨識產業中，發展最久，技術成熟，供應鏈完整，體積較小及成本低，其具生物特徵不變之特性，已成為個人身分認證的標準裝置。核心技術指紋特徵提取比對演算法，運行於微控制器（MCU，Microcontroller Unit），符合ISO/IEC19794-2指紋格式，完全適用於智能卡的設計。 (ISO/IEC19794, 2005)
智能卡的產業鏈涉及行業標準ISO/IEC7816及ISO/IEC14443 (Coporation, 2010)，在金融支付領域，需透過國際卡組織（EMV，Europay，MasterCard和Visa標準） (Center, 2018)規劃及應用引領，產品開發由上游晶片商與卡商合作提供整體解決方案，帶動製卡廠機具設備更新，系統集成，新材料，新技術導入，再由卡廠進行晶片模塊與嵌體（inlays）設計到性能優化和成本控制，提供整體產品方案。
指紋辨識智能卡產品推展進程，初期以接觸式內含紙電池（Paper Battery）架構設計，不改變現有銀行支付生態鏈系統，以利行業推行導入；未來趨勢，非接觸指紋卡無電池架構，最佳生物辨識卡裝置，透過短距離無線通訊（Near Field Communication）介面進行交流，對卡系統進行供電開機後，再進行指紋辨識及身份認證程序。內置安全晶片（Secure Element）存儲指紋模板，無需擔心私密生物信息傳遞，符合安全等級及資料保密性。
個案公司，指紋演算法提供商，透過算法授權商業模式，與傳感器廠及方案商合作整合，提供整體方案，應用於行動裝置及嵌入式產品市場。指紋辨識應用發展成熟，已為生物辨識必要導入配備。從更高安全等級規格，指紋辨識導入防假及活體功能是必然趨勢。創新產品，指紋辨識智能卡應用於支付卡，試點項目產品為金融行業者接受，預估2018年後，市場需求成長可期。發卡組織與卡商在行業內推行整合，選擇優質方案商與晶片廠共同合作開發完整模組方案，推行完整支付卡產品，無縫接軌進入市場。 (D'Albore, 2018)， (VISA, Goodbye, Passwords. Hello, Biometrics., 2017)
本論文係以指紋辨識智能卡應用發展策略為研究重點，從全球市場趨勢，產業鏈結構剖析，市場競爭者分析，利用SWOT 分析法 (Humphrey, 1964)對公司及產品進行優劣分析，面對快速變化競爭市場，規劃產品，內部資源配置，佈局策略。在區域市場業務推展，面對行動支付朝流興起，初期，透過完整方案推展合作模式，進行產品試點驗證；中長期，結合晶片商及方案商，導入在地晶片方案，開發符合在地指紋辨識智能卡產品。藉由該產品應用推展，規劃未來公司產品發展方向，核心技術開發，建構以價值驅動的商業模式，獲取利潤，延續公司品牌優勢。

In evolution of Smart Cards, it started from Magnetic stripe cards, then became IC cards(smart cards). During the change, the IC Cards began with contact IC cards then being contactless IC cards, which were innovated from single function to multiple functions continuously. It has been leading this industry development and market growth; furthermore, it has been widely applied to many fields, including finance, communication, health and transportation, because it is able to provide confidentiality, big memory, upgraded technology, flexible adaptation among various standards and rules.
One of new specifications of Smart Cards, biometrics technology has been added to card architecture, as a result, password entry has been replaced by personalized biometrics for identity authentication. This modification not only provides encryption operations and system isolation during processing, but also remains security protection in current key storage. From innovation perspective in banking industry, it offers valued solutions of more protection in personal privacy and higher authentication security. It is a brand new experience to users! With the uniqueness of biometrics, it has been able to ensure security protection to both users and cards; hence, when users get lost of their cards or forget the passwords, it can prevent false cards and passwords being stolen.
In the biometrics industry, fingerprint identification scheme has become a standard device of personal identification authentication, because it has been developed earliest with mature technology, competed supply chain, small size, low costs, and most importantly, fingerprint has unique characteristic which is biologically invariable. The core technology of fingerprint feature extracts comparison algorithm and executes with microcontroller（MCU）. In other words, it totally conforms to the ISO/IEC19794-2 fingerprint format and is fully applicable to the design of Smart Cards. (ISO/IEC19794, 2005)
The industrial chain of Smart Cards involves with standards of ISO/IEC7816 and ISO/IEC14443 (Coporation, 2010). In the field of financial payments, it must be planned and led by International Card Organization (Center, 2018). The upstream chip vendors and cards suppliers should work together to design products and to provide total solutions, then to drive facilities upgrade of card factory, to drive system integration, to apply new materials and implement new technology. After that, card factories should proceed with designing chip module and inlays to optimize card performance and control costs, then offer total solutions.
From initial stage on, the product of fingerprint smart card was being developed and had been designed with contact structure with built-in paper battery, and it did not make any changes to current banking payment system, so that banking industry could promote it easily for cardholders. The future architecture of smart card is contactless fingerprint smart card without battery inside, plus best device with biometric card to have integration via Near Field Communication to card system, then proceeding with fingerprint identification and ID authentication procedures. Since storage of fingerprint module is with built-in Secure Element, it is safe and has compliance with security and data confidentiality; therefore, no needs to worry about private biometric information transference unexpectedly.
The case-study company, which is a provider of fingerprint algorithm, has its business model to licensed algorithm with sensor partners and solutions providers, which can be applied widely on mobile devices and the embedded products. In other words, the applications of fingerprint identification has become mature and has become a necessary component. To have higher security level and to have anti-spoof when using fingerprint identification are certain and inevitable. In the meantime, there will be many innovations to smart cards with fingerprint identification which can be applied to payment cards. As many pilot products had been accepted by banking industry, the market needs will be growing big and soon since Y2018. Hence, the organizations of issuing cards, and card suppliers need to work closely and to have integration with each other, then choose qualified solution-providers to co-work with chip vendors to develop module programs, so that the smart cards with fingerprint identification will be applied widely and seamlessly into market. (VISA, Goodbye, Passwords. Hello, Biometrics., 2017) (D'Albore, 2018)
This paper focuses on the development strategies of application of smart cards with fingerprint identification . It covers global market trends, analysis of industrial chain structure, and dissection of market competitors. By utilizing SWOT Analysis (Humphrey, 1964)to case-study company and its products, company is able to plan well by allocating its internal resources and successful strategies when participating in this rapidly changing and competitive market. In terms of developing regional business, the case-study company is able to have pilot products validation by integrated programs and co-working modules when facing the rising of mobile payment. Going to middle and longer term plan, the company should work with chip vendors and solution providers to implement localized chip projects and to develop qualified smart cards with fingerprint identification which meet different local expectations. Then, by popularizing these products to the market along with developing direction for future products with comprehensive core technology, the company is able to expand its brand advantage and to build a value-driven business model for profits.

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