簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: Kevin Richard Anggrek
Kevin Richard Anggrek
論文名稱: Semi-automatic Generation of 3D BIM Model from 2D CAD Drawings using Revit API
Semi-automatic Generation of 3D BIM Model from 2D CAD Drawings using Revit API
指導教授: 楊亦東
I-Tung Yang
口試委員: 謝佑明
Yo-Ming Hsieh
馮重偉
Chung-Wei Feng
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工程學院 - 營建工程系
Department of Civil and Construction Engineering
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 230
中文關鍵詞: BIMProject life-cycle3D BIM model2D CADRevit APIExisting structuresPost-construction stages
外文關鍵詞: BIM, Project life-cycle, 3D BIM model, 2D CAD, Revit API, Existing structures, Post-construction stages
相關次數: 點閱:209下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

The emergence of BIM technology in the AEC industry over the past decade has brought positive impacts across different stages of the project life-cycle. Existing structures without a BIM model are facing traditional challenges during post-construction stages of the project life-cycle. Previous studies suggested that post-construction stages contribute the highest economic value compared to the other stages, signifying a need for BIM in existing structures for facility management and maintenance purposes. A high amount of effort and time required in manual creation of as-built BIM model is often cited as the main factor that dissuades owners and facility managers from adopting BIM into existing structures. The present study proposes a new framework to generate 3D BIM models from 2D CAD information of existing structures through the integration of Revit API as the programming backbone. The framework is structured into five element modelers: column modeler, beam modeler, wall modeler, slab modeler, and rebar modeler. The result of the case study showcases the stable working environment of the proposed framework, thus demonstrating the robust capabilities of the proposed framework in generating complete and accurate 3D BIM models for existing structures in a quick and efficient manner.


The emergence of BIM technology in the AEC industry over the past decade has brought positive impacts across different stages of the project life-cycle. Existing structures without a BIM model are facing traditional challenges during post-construction stages of the project life-cycle. Previous studies suggested that post-construction stages contribute the highest economic value compared to the other stages, signifying a need for BIM in existing structures for facility management and maintenance purposes. A high amount of effort and time required in manual creation of as-built BIM model is often cited as the main factor that dissuades owners and facility managers from adopting BIM into existing structures. The present study proposes a new framework to generate 3D BIM models from 2D CAD information of existing structures through the integration of Revit API as the programming backbone. The framework is structured into five element modelers: column modeler, beam modeler, wall modeler, slab modeler, and rebar modeler. The result of the case study showcases the stable working environment of the proposed framework, thus demonstrating the robust capabilities of the proposed framework in generating complete and accurate 3D BIM models for existing structures in a quick and efficient manner.

ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF TABLES xvi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Research Objective 3 1.3 Research Outline 3 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 Building Information Modelling 5 2.2 Potential Advantages and Benefits of BIM 10 2.3 BIM for Facility Management (FM) 19 2.4 BIM for Existing Structures 25 2.5 Generation of 3D BIM Model from 2D CAD Drawings 28 2.5.1 Automated Generation of BIM Model from 2D CAD by Lim et al. (2018) 29 2.5.2 Automatic BIM Model Generation System (ABGS) by Byun & Sohn (2020) 36 2.5.3 Automatic BIM Generation using Drawing Recognition and Line-text Extraction by Rho et al. (2020) 38 2.5.4 Semiautomatic Structural BIM Model Generation Methodology using CAD Construction Drawings by Yang et al. (2020) 44 2.6 Summary of Previous Studies 54 CHAPTER 3: PROPOSED FRAMEWORK 56 3.1 Revit .NET API 59 3.2 The Structure or Assembly of the Proposed Revit API program 63 3.3 Preprocessing of the CAD Drawings 66 3.3.1 Preprocessing of the CAD layers 67 3.3.2 Preprocessing of the geometric CAD objects 69 3.3.3 Preprocessing of the semantic or text-based CAD objects 75 3.4 Identification of the Geometric Information 77 3.4.1 Importation of the CAD Drawings into Revit 78 3.4.2 Retrieval of Geometric Primitives from the Imported CAD 80 3.4.3 Identification of Geometric Entities for Element Generation 81 3.5 Identification of the Semantic Information 93 3.5.1 Data Extraction of the Element Annotations 98 3.5.2 Data Extraction of the Element Tables inside the CAD Drawings 102 3.6 Generation of Building Elements 105 3.6.1 Generation of Column Elements 106 3.6.2 Generation of Beam Elements 109 3.6.3 Generation of Wall Elements 113 3.6.4 Generation of Slab Elements 117 3.7 The Generation of Rebar Elements 120 3.7.1 Retrieval of the Primary Reinforcement Coordinates 124 3.7.2 The Generation of the Logitudinal Bars 127 3.7.3 The Generation of the Stirrup Bars 139 3.8 Summary 155 CHAPTER 4: CASE STUDY 157 4.1 Case Study: Preprocessing of the 2D CAD Drawings and Importation to Revit 157 4.2 The GUI of the Proposed Framework and their Usage 168 4.2.1 The Main GUI of the External Application 169 4.2.2 The GUI of the Column Modeler 169 4.2.3 The GUI of the Beam Modeler 172 4.2.4 The GUI of the Wall Modeler 174 4.2.5 The GUI of the Slab Modeler 176 4.2.6 The GUI of the Rebar Modeler 177 4.3 Case Study: The Generation of the Column Elements 182 4.4 Case Study: The Generation of the Beam Elements 185 4.5 Case Study: The Generation of the Slab Elements 188 4.6 Case Study: End Results of the Generation of Building Elements 191 4.7 Case Study: The Generation of the Rebar Elements 193 4.7.1 Case Study: The Generation of Rebar Elements of Columns 196 4.7.2 Case Study: The Generation of Rebar Elements of Beams 203 4.8 Case Study: The Generation of the Wall Elements 211 4.9 Summary 213 CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 220 5.1 Review of the Research Purpose 220 5.2 Conclusions 220 5.3 Future Research Directions 222 REFERENCES 225

Aichholzer, O., Aurenhammer, F., Alberts, D., &Gärtner, B. (1996). A Novel Type of Skeleton for Polygons. In J.UCS The Journal of Universal Computer Science (pp. 752–761). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80350-5_65
Akcamete, A., Akinci, B., &Garrett, J. H. (2010). Potential utilization of building information models for planning maintenance activities. EG-ICE 2010 - 17th International Workshop on Intelligent Computing in Engineering, January.
Alexander, K. (1996). Facilities Management: Theory and Practice (Issue March). E & FN Spon. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203475966
Atkin, B., &Brooks, A. (2009). Total Facilities Management, Facilities (3rd edn, Vol. 12). WileyBlackwell.
Autodesk. (n.d.-a). Help | Revit API Developers Guide | Autodesk. Retrieved May11, 2021, from https://help.autodesk.com/view/RVT/2021/ENU/?guid=Revit_API_Revit_API_Developers_Guide_html
Autodesk. (n.d.-b). Revit Platform Technologies | Autodesk Developer Network. Retrieved May11, 2021, from https://www.autodesk.com/developer-network/platform-technologies/revit
Autodesk. (2020). Revit 2021.1 API SDK.
Azhar, S. (2011). Building Information Modeling (BIM): Trends, Benefits, Risks, and Challenges for the AEC Industry. Leadership and Management in Engineering, 11(3), 241–252. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)LM.1943-5630.0000127
Barker, P. (2011). Ryder Architecture and BIM. NBS. http://www.thenbs.com/topics/bim/articles/RyderArchitectureAndBIM.asp
Barki, H., Fadli, F., Shaat, A., Boguslawski, P., &Mahdjoubi, L. (2015). BIM models generation from 2D CAD drawings and 3D scans: an analysis of challenges and opportunities for AEC practitioners. Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Design, Construction and Operations, 1(July 2016), 369–380. https://doi.org/10.2495/bim150311
Barrett, P. S., &Baldry, D. (2003). Facilities Management: Towards Best Practice. In Facilities Management (2nd edn, Vol. 2). Wiley-Blackwell.
Bazjanac, V. (2004). Virtual building environments (VBE) - Applying information modeling to buildings. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/841066
Bew, M., &Richards, M. (2008). The BIM Maturity Model. Construct IT Autumn 2008 Members’ Meeting.
BIM Task Group. (2013). Government Soft Landings: Departmental Implementation Brief.
Bolpagni, M. (2013). The implementation of BIM within the public procurement A model-based approach for the construction industry. In Julkaisija-Utgivare VTT: Otaniemi, Finland (Issue November).
Boton, C., Kubicki, S., &Halin, G. (2015). 4D/BIM simulation for pre-construction and construction scheduling. Multiple levels of development within a single case study . Creative Construction Conference, June, 500–505. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1941.3603
Brandt, R. (1994). A guide to strategic facilities planning". Haworth, Inc.
Bu, L., &Zhang, Z. (2008). APPLICATION OF POINT CLOUDS FROM TERRESTRIAL 3D LASER SCANNER FOR DEFORMATION MEASUREMENTS.
Byun, Y., &Sohn, B. S. (2020). ABGS: A system for the automatic generation of building information models from two-dimensional CAD drawings. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12176713
Carbonari, G., &Jones, K. G. (2014). Sustainable facilities management through building information modelling.
Carbonari, G., Stravoravdis, S., &Gausden, C. (2016). Building Information Model for Existing Buildings for Facilities Management. International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling, 5(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.4018/ij3dim.2016010101
Carmona, J., &Irwin, K. (2007). BIM: who, what, how and why - Facilities Management Insights. https://www.facilitiesnet.com/software/article.aspx?id=7546
Changsoft, I., &Kim, I. C. (2015). BuilderHub User’s Guide Book v1.0 [Online. http://chang-soft.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/BuilderHub_UsersGuideBook_20151014.pdf
Cheng, H., Devadoss, S. L., Li, B., &Risteski, A. (2012). Skeletal Rigidity of Phylogenetic Trees. http://arxiv.org/abs/1203.5782
CIFE. (2007). Center for Integrated Facility Engineering. www.stanford.edu/group/CIFE/
COBIM. (2012a). COBIM Series 1: General part. https://buildingsmart.fi/en/common-bim-requirements-2012/
COBIM. (2012b). COBIM Series 10: Energy analysis. https://buildingsmart.fi/en/common-bim-requirements-2012/
COBIM. (2012c). COBIM Series 12: use of models in facility management. https://buildingsmart.fi/en/common-bim-requirements-2012/
COBIM. (2012d). COBIM Series 13: Use of models in construction. https://buildingsmart.fi/en/common-bim-requirements-2012/
COBIM. (2012e). COBIM Series 3: Architectural design. https://buildingsmart.fi/en/common-bim-requirements-2012/
COBIM. (2012f). COBIM Series 4: MEP design. https://buildingsmart.fi/en/common-bim-requirements-2012/
COBIM. (2012g). COBIM Series 5: Structural design. https://buildingsmart.fi/en/common-bim-requirements-2012/
COBIM. (2012h). COBIM Series 6: Quality assurance. https://buildingsmart.fi/en/common-bim-requirements-2012/
COBIM. (2012i). COBIM Series 7: Quantity take-off. https://buildingsmart.fi/en/common-bim-requirements-2012/
COBIM. (2012j). COBIM Series 8: Use of models for visualization. https://buildingsmart.fi/en/common-bim-requirements-2012/
COBIM. (2012k). COBIM Series 9: Use of models in MEP analyses. https://buildingsmart.fi/en/common-bim-requirements-2012/
Codinhoto, R., &Kiviniemi, A. (2014). BIM for FM: A case support for business life cycle. IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 442, 63–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45937-9_7
Eastman, C. ., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R., &Liston. (2018). BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers and Contractors (3rd Editio).
Eastman, C. M., Eastman, C., Teicholz, P., Sacks, R., &Liston, K. (2011). BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Managers, Designers, Engineers and Contractors. Wiley. https://books.google.com.tw/books?id=-GjrBgAAQBAJ
Gallaher, M. P., O’Connor, A. C., John, J., Dettbarn, L., &Gilday, L. T. (2004). Cost Analysis of Inadequate Interoperability in the U.S. Capital Facilities Industry. National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce Technology Administration.
Grani, H. K. (2016). What is COBie and how is it (building)SMART. https://blog.areo.io/what-is-cobie/
Gray, M., Gray, J., Teo, M., Chi, S., &Cheung, F. (2013). Building Information Modelling: an international survey. World Building Congress 2013, 5-9 May 2013, Brisbane, QLD, May, 5–9. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/258642116_A_tentative_comparison_of_the_performance_of_Strategic_Alliance_and_DesignBidBuild_project_delivery_methods/file/3deec528c6b941e678.pdf%5Cnhttp://eprints.qut.edu.au/56516/
Gu, N., &London, K. (2010). Understanding and facilitating BIM adoption in the AEC industry. Automation in Construction, 19(8), 988–999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2010.09.002
Hajian, H., &Becerik-Gerber, B. (2010). Scan to BIM: Factors Affecting Operational and Computational Errors and Productivity Loss. 2010 - 27th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction, ISARC 2010, 265–272. https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2010/0028
Haunert, J. H., &Sester, M. (2008). Area collapse and road centerlines based on straight skeletons. GeoInformatica, 12(2), 169–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10707-007-0028-x
He, H., &Garcia, E. A. (2009). Learning from Imbalanced Data. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 21(9), 1263–1284. https://doi.org/10.1109/TKDE.2008.239
HubSpire. (n.d.). Application Programming Interface | HubSpire. Retrieved May11, 2021, from https://www.hubspire.com/resources/general/application-programming-interface/
IFMA. (2013). BIM for facility managers. In P.Teicholz (Ed.), BIM for Facility Managers. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119572633
Ismail, N. A. A., Chiozzi, M., &Drogemuller, R. (2017). An overview of BIM uptake in Asian developing countries. AIP Conference Proceedings, 1903(1), 080008. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5011596
Jung, J., Hong, S., Jeong, S., Kim, S., Cho, H., Hong, S., &Heo, J. (2014). Productive modeling for development of as-built BIM of existing indoor structures. Automation in Construction, 42, 68–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2014.02.021
Kassem, M., Kelly, G., Dawood, N., Serginson, M., &Lockley, S. (2015). BIM in facilities management applications: A case study of a large university complex. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 5(3), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-02-2014-0011
Kelly, G. (Graham), Serginson, M. (Michael), Lockley, S. (Steve), Dawood, N. (Nashwan), &Kassem, M. (Mohamad). (2013). BIM for facility management: a review and a case study investigating the value and challenges. https://research.tees.ac.uk/en/publications/bim-for-facility-management-a-review-and-a-case-study-investigati
Kincaid, D. (2004). Adapting Buildings for Changing Uses: Guidelines for Change of use Refurbishment. Taylor & Francis.
Lee, S. K., An, H. K., &Yu, J. H. (2012). An extension of the technology acceptance model for BIM-based FM. Construction Research Congress 2012: Construction Challenges in a Flat World, Proceedings of the 2012 Construction Research Congress, 602–611. https://doi.org/10.1061/9780784412329.061
Lim, J., Janssen, P., &Stouffs, R. (2018). Automated generation of BIM models from 2D CAD drawings. CAADRIA 2018 - 23rd International Conference on Computer-Aided Architectural Design Research in Asia: Learning, Prototyping and Adapting, 2(May), 61–70.
Mac, L. (n.d.). Polyline Programs | Lee Mac Programming. Retrieved June8, 2021, from http://www.lee-mac.com/polylineprograms.html
McGraw-Hill Construction. (2014). The Business Value of BIM for Construction in Major Global Markets. In SmartMarket Report. http://static.autodesk.net/dc/content/dam/autodesk/www/solutions/building-information-modeling/construction/business-value-of-bim-for-construction-in-global-markets.pdf
McPartland, R. (2017). BIM dimensions - 3D, 4D, 5D, 6D BIM explained | NBS. https://www.thenbs.com/knowledge/bim-dimensions-3d-4d-5d-6d-bim-explained
Mitchell, D. (2012). 5D BIM: CREATING COST CERTAINTY AND BETTER BUILDINGS.
National BIM Standard-United States. (2014). Frequently Asked Questions About the National BIM Standard-United StatesTM | National BIM Standard - United States. https://www.nationalbimstandard.org/faqs
National Building Specification. (2016). What is BIM? | NBS. https://www.thenbs.com/knowledge/what-is-building-information-modelling-bim
NBS Enterprises Ltd. (2020). 10th Annual UK’s National Building Specification Report 2020. NBS Enterprises Ltd., 1–39. https://www.thenbs.com/knowledge/national-bim-report-2020
Parsanezhad, P. (2019). Towards a BIM-enabled Facility Management - Promises , Obstacles and Requirements. In Bim-Fm.
Parsanezhad, P., &Tarandi, V. (2013). Is the age of facility managers’ paper boxes over? Proceedings of the 19th CIB World Building Congress, May. http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:665801/FULLTEXT01.pdf
Preparata, F. P., &Shamos, M. I. (1985). Computational Geometry: An Introduction. Springer-Verlag.
reinterpretcat. (n.d.). csharp-libs/straight_skeleton at master · reinterpretcat/csharp-libs · GitHub. Retrieved May22, 2021, from https://github.com/reinterpretcat/csharp-libs/tree/master/straight_skeleton
Rho, J., Lee, H. S., &Park, M. (2020). Automated BIM generation using drawing recognition and line-text extraction. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 00(00), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2020.1806071
Robillard, M. P. (2009). What makes APIs hard to learn? answers from developers. IEEE Software, 26(6), 27–34. https://doi.org/10.1109/MS.2009.193
Smith, P. (2014). BIM implementation - Global strategies. Procedia Engineering, 85, 482–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.10.575
Stylos, J., Faulring, A., Yang, Z., &Myers, B. A. (2009). Improving API documentation using API usage information. 2009 IEEE Symposium on Visual Languages and Human-Centric Computing, VL/HCC 2009, 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1109/VLHCC.2009.5295283
Talarico, G. (n.d.). Revit API Docs. Retrieved May11, 2021, from https://www.revitapidocs.com/
Teicholz, E. (2004). BRIDGING THE AEC/FM TECHNOLOGY GAP. 1–8.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2016). Construction: Summary Series: General Summary: Value of Construction Work for Type of Construction by Subsectors and Industries for U.S., Regions, and States: 2012.
Valero, E., Adan, A., &Cerrada, C. (2012). Automatic Construction of 3D Basic-Semantic Models of Inhabited Interiors Using Laser Scanners and RFID Sensors. Sensors, 12(5), 5705–5724. https://doi.org/10.3390/s120505705
Volk, R., Stengel, J., &Schultmann, F. (2014). Building Information Modeling (BIM) for existing buildings - Literature review and future needs. In Automation in Construction (Vol. 38, pp. 109–127). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2013.10.023
Xiong, X., Adan, A., Akinci, B., &Huber, D. (2013). Automatic creation of semantically rich 3D building models from laser scanner data. Automation in Construction, 31, 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.10.006
Yang, B., Liu, B., Zhu, D., Zhang, B., Wang, Z., &Lei, K. (2020). Semiautomatic Structural BIM-Model Generation Methodology Using CAD Construction Drawings. Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering, 34(3), 04020006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000885

無法下載圖示 全文公開日期 2024/07/21 (校內網路)
全文公開日期 2024/07/21 (校外網路)
全文公開日期 2024/07/21 (國家圖書館:臺灣博碩士論文系統)
QR CODE