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研究生： 柯宜欣
Yi-Hsin Ko
論文名稱： 工作於UHF之高效率被動式CMOS RFID Tag
A Highly Efficient UHF Passive CMOS RFID Tag
指導教授： 姚嘉瑜
Chia-Yu Yao
口試委員: 呂學坤
Shyue-Kung Lu
陳筱青
Hsiao-Chin Chen
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 電資學院 - 電機工程系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年： 2011
畢業學年度： 99
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 65
中文關鍵詞： 被動式UHF RFID Tag 、self-timing PIE symbol 、FM0 symbol 、倍壓器
外文關鍵詞： passive UHF RFID Tag, self-timing PIE symbol, FM0 symbol, decoder, voltage doubler
相關次數： 點閱：236  下載：0 
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    • 　　本論文是一個工作於UHF頻段的15-bit被動式RFID Tag，主要是應用於RFID室內定位系統。系統運作於兩組頻率：使用2.45GHz的連續波做為電路充電及提供Tag反散射用；另一組使用925MHz或866.4MHz的頻率，傳送含資料調變的訊號給Tag判斷及編碼。在應用上，為了使定位系統使用在更大的空間中，本論文的重點著重於極低讀取功率的RFID Tag。在電路架構中省去了較耗電的穩壓器及震盪器，做出最低讀取功率為-23dBm的RFID Tag。由於PIE symbol為self-timing的訊號，本論文提出了新的解碼方式，將PIE symbol解碼為binary訊號。本論文利用台積電TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS製程來實現，由Full-Custom設計流程來完成。

    　　This thesis presents an UHF passive radio-frequency-identification (RFID) tag chip. This tag is applicated in RFID indoor localization system. The system operates at dual bands: the 2.45GHz continue wave for charge the tag and backscattering the RF data to the Reader; the other band, 925MHz or 866.4MHz for receiving and decoding the modulated signal. For the indoor localization system, this thesis designs a low power consumption RFID Tag. We remove the regulator and the oscillator, which are known to consume a large amount of power. The lowest RF power that our Tag can work is -23dBm. Since the PIE symbol is self-timing, this thesis presents a new method to decode PIE symbols to binary codes. The proposed RFID tag is designd in TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS process in Full-Custom design flow.

    摘要 I Abstract II 目錄 IV 圖目錄 VII 表目錄 XI 第一章、緒論 1 1-1 簡介與背景 1 1-2 RFID的特色 2 1-3 研究動機與目的 4 1-4 使用工具與模擬軟體 5 1-5 論文架構 6 第二章、RFID系統介紹 7 2-1 RFID系統使用頻段的選擇 7 2-2 RFID系統於空間定位的應用 8 2-3 RFID系統的編碼與調變 10 2-3.1 ASK、FSK及PSK 10 2-3.2 OOK 12 2-3.3 PIE (Pulse-Interval Encoding) 12 2-3.4 FM0 14 第三章、RFID Tag電路設計 16 3-1 Tag電路架構 16 3-2 Charge Pump, Limiter, and Power-On Reset Circuit 17 3-2.1 Dickson rectifier 18 3-2.2 Charge Pump 19 3-2.3 Limiter and Power-On Reset Circuit 20 3-3 Demodulator 21 3-3.1 Envelope detector 21 3-3.2 PIE-to-binary Decoder 23 3-4 Baseband Processing Unit (BPU) 25 3-5 FM0 Encoder 28 3-6 Back-Scatter Circuit 30 第四章、模擬與量測結果 31 4-1 Sub-circuit Simulation Results— Charge Pump, Limiter, and Power-On Reset Circuit 31 4-1.1 The Lowest Input Power in Different Corners 32 4-1.2 The Medium Input Power in Different Corners 33 4-1.3 The Highest Input Power in Different Corners 34 4-2 Whole Chip Simulation Results— Analog circuits  Post-Simulation Digital circuits  Pre-Simulation 35 4-2.1 The Lowest Input Power in Different Corners 35 4-2.2 The Medium Input Power in Different Corners 39 4-2.3 The Highest Input Power in Different Corners 41 4-3 Whole Chip Simulation Results— Analog circuits  Pre-Simulation Digital circuits  Post-Simulation 44 4-3.1 The Lowest Input Power in Different Corners 44 4-3.2 The Medium Input Power in Different Corners 47 4-3.3 The Highest Input Power in Different Corner 49 4-4 Back-scatter電路模擬結果 51 4-5 下線實作與量測結果 52 4-5.1 設計流程 52 4-5.2 晶片佈局腳位介紹及PCB版呈現 53 4-5.3 PCB電路板製做 55 4-5.4 量測環境 56 4-5.5 量測結果 57 4-6 與其他文獻比較 59 第五章、結論與未來展望 61 5-1 結論 61 5-2 未來展望 61 參考文獻 64

    [1] 陳啟煌，" RFID原理與應用"， 計算機級資訊網路中心電子報第0002期專題報導，國立台灣大學.
    [2] D. M. Dobkin, The RF in RFID: Passive UHF RFID in Practice. Boston: Elsevier, 2007.
    [3] Klaus Finkenznller, RFID Handbook: Fundamentals and Applications in Contactless Smart Cards and Identification, 2nd. New York: Wiley, 2003.
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    [7] U. Karthaus and M. Fischer, “Fully Integrated passive UHF RFID transponder IC with 16.7μW minimum RF input power,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol. 38, pp. 1602–1608, Oct. 2003.
    [8] 顧寶文，900MHz 8位元被動式CMOS RFID Tag晶片設計。碩士論文，台灣科技大學，2009.
    [9] EPCTM Radio-Frequency Identity Protocols Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID Protocol for Communications at 860MHz-960MHz, Version 1.2.0.
    [10] Y. Jun, K. Wing-Hung, and T. Chi-Ying, "Analysis and Design Strategy of UHF Micro-Power CMOS Rectifiers for Micro-Sensor and RFID Applications," IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 54, pp. 153-166, Jan. 2007.

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