There is a perpetual demand for efficient word-learning strategies from language learners considering the significance of vocabulary for second language (L2) acquisition. In the digital age, the accessibility and pervasiveness of digital devices, such as smartphones and tablets, along with recent advancements in gaming applications have facilitated L2 learning in general and vocabulary learning in particular. Numerous studies, therefore, have been conducted to examine the impact of digital game-based learning (DGBL) on L2 vocabulary outcomes. This meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively review relevant research papers in the field, with a specific focus on control groups that exclude game-based elements or equivalent multimedia instructions. The meta-analysis included 42 primary studies published from 2006 to 2023, adopting an experimental versus control group design and involving a total of 2,707 participants. The results revealed a substantial effect size (g = .934), as determined by a random-effects model, signifying a significant impact of DGBL on L2 vocabulary learning. Additionally, the current study conducted a critical examination of eight salient moderator variables, resulting in the identification of two significant moderators. Subsequently, the influence of their interaction was further investigated to gain a deeper understanding of their combined effects. These findings strongly supported the efficacy of DGBL in promoting L2 vocabulary performances, emphasizing the imperative of carefully considering and implementing diverse gaming platforms within educational contexts.

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