智慧型手機逐漸普及，對人們的生活造成很多的改變，在工作上也是如此 。本研究主要研究目的有二：（一）探討下班後使用智慧型手機處理公事對員工工作家庭生活的影響;（二）探討工作家庭區隔偏好、工作負荷和時間管理對於員工下班過後使用智慧型手機處理工作事務行為間的關係。本研究採用問卷調查的方式進行衡量，研究樣本為221位擁有智慧型手機的工作者。
　　研究結果顯示：（一）工作家庭區隔偏好低及工作負荷高的員工會傾向下班後使用智慧型手機處理工作事務。（二）下班後使用智慧型手機處理公事會產生工作家庭衝突。（三）時間管理無法調節下班後使用智慧型手機處理公事對工作家庭衝突的影響。

We can see smartphone everywhere, and it does not changes people’s life way but also work way. There are two purposes in this study. The first is examining the relationship between using smartphone after hours and employee’s work-family life. The second is discussing the relationship between work-family preference, workload, time management and using smartphone after hours. The study uses the questionnaire as measurement.
　　The study discovered three things. The first is people with low work-family segment preference and high workload tend to use smartphone after hours. The second is people that use smartphone after hours will have WFC. The last is time management can’t effect the relationship between using smartphone after hours and WFC.

一、中文部份
勞工工作與生活平衡調查（民100年7月）。台北市：行政院勞工委員會
創市際月刊報告書（民100年3月）。台北市：創市際市場研究顧問股份有限公司

二、英文部份
Ashforth, B. E., Kreiner, G. E., & Fugate, M. (2000). All in a day’s work: Boundaries and micro role transitions. Academy of Management Review, 25, 472-491.

Boswell, W. R., & Olson-Buchanan J. B. (2007). The use communication technologies after hours: The role of work attitudes and work-life conflict. Journal of Management, 33, 592-610.

Byron, K. (2005). Ameta-analytic review of work-family conflict and its antecedents. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 169-198.

Chesley, N. (2005). Blurring Boundaries? Linking Technology Use, Spillover, Individual Distress, and Family Satisfaction. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, 1237-1248.

Claessens, B. J. C., Eerde, W., Rutte, C. G., & Roe, R. A. (2005). A review of the time management literature. Time management literature, 36, 255-276.

Cohen, J., & Cohen (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavior sciences (2nd Ed.): Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.

Duxbury, L., Thomas, J. A., Towers, I., & Higgins, C. (2005) . From 9 to 5 to 24 and 7: How Technology Has Redefined the Workday. Report Prepared for Industry Canada. Ottawa.
Eby, L. T., Casper, W. J., Lockwood, A., Bordeaux, C., & Brinley, A. (2005). Work and family research in IO/OB: Content analysis and review of the literature(1985-2002). Journal of Vocational Behavior, 66, 124-197.

Fenner, G. H., & Renn, R. W. (2004). Technology-assisted supplemental work: Construct definition and a research framework. Human Research Management, 43, 179-200.

Golden, A. G., & Geisler, C. (2007). Work-life boundary management and the personal digital assistant. Human Relations, 60, 519-551.

Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Source of conflict between work and family roles. Academy of Management Review, 10, 76-88.

Hislop, H., & Axtell, C. (2011). Mobile phones during work and non-work time: A case study of mobile, non-managerial workers. Information and Organization, 21, 41-56.

Kahn, R. L., Wolfe, D. M., Quinn, R., Sonoek, J. D., & Rosenthal, R. A. (1964). Qrganizational stress. New York: Wiley.

Kirmeyer, S. L., & Dougherty, T. W. (1988). Work load, tension, and coping: Moderating effects of supervisor support. Personal Psychology, 41, 125-139.
Kraut, R. (1989). Predicting the use of technology: The case ot telework. In R. E. Kraut (Ed.), Technology and the transformation of white-collar work (pp. 113-133). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum Associates Publishers.

Kreiner, G. E. (2006). Consequences of work-home segmentation or integration: A person-environment fit perspective. Journal of Qrganizational Behaviour, 27, 485-507.

Mesmer-Magnus, J. R., & Viswesvaran, C. (2005). Convergence between measures of work-to-family and family-to-work conflict: A meta-analytic examination. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 67, 215-232.

Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 400-410.

Nippert-Eng, C.E. (1996). Home and work: Negotiating boundaries through everyday life. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

Nunnally (1978). Psycholmetric theory (2nd Ed.): New York: McGraw-Hill Inc.

O’Driscoll, M. P., Ilgen, D. R., & Hildreth, K. (1992). Time devoted to job and off-job activities, interrole conflict, and affective experience. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77. 272-279.

Rastegary, H., & Landy, F, (1993). The interactions among time urgency uncertainty, and time pressure, In O. Svenson and A. Maule (Eds.) Time Pressure and Stress in Human Judgement and Decision Making. 217-239. New York: Plenum Press.

PCWorld (n.d.) 10 Things Killed by the Smartphone. Retrieved Apr 16, 2011, from http://www.pcworld.com/article/225372/10_things_killed_by_the_smartphone.html

Perrewe, P. L., & Hochwarter, W. A. (2001). Can we really have it all? The attainment of work and family values. Current Direction in Psychological Science, 10, 29-33.

Pervin, L. A. (1996). The science of Personality. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003) Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. [doi:]. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 879-903.

Sale, S. M. (1970). Some effects of role overload and underload. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 5, 592-608.

Schlosser,F. K. (2002). So, how do people really use their handheld devices? An interactive study of wireless technology use. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23. 401-423.

Towers, I., Duxbury, L., Higgins, C., & Thomas, J. (2006). Time Thieves and Space Invaders: Technology, work and the organization. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 19, 593-618.

Trueman M., & Hartley, J. (1996). A comparison between the time-management skills and academic performance of mature and traditional-entry university students. High Education, 32, 199-215.

Venkatesh, A., & Vitalari, N. (1992). An emerging distributed work arrangement: An investigation of computer-based supplemental work at home. Management Science, 38, 1687-1709.