簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 沈玉瑞
Ira - Siti Sarah
論文名稱: Understanding Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) on Social Media through Uses and Gratification Theory
Understanding Electronic Word of Mouth (eWOM) on Social Media through Uses and Gratification Theory
指導教授: 欒斌
Pin Luarn
口試委員: 陳正綱
Cheng-Kang Chen
李國光
Gwo-Guang Lee
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 管理學院 - 管理學院MBA
School of Management International (MBA)
論文出版年: 2016
畢業學年度: 104
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 43
外文關鍵詞: COBRAs
相關次數: 點閱:198下載:7
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報

  • The influence of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) has changed consumers’ life style and has brought unprecedented opportunities for marketing activities. Today, due to the growth of the Internet and social networking sites, eWOM has the power to reach more people and is therefore perceived as more influential than ever. This makes eWOM along with social networking sites, two concepts to acknowledge. Thus, for companies to make the most out of them like advertising agencies and internet marketing consultants, they need to gain the necessary knowledge. This study help explain consumers are affected by eWOM through social networking sites, through uses and gratification theory.
    In the specific area, a research gap was noticed, namely, how eWOM in social networking sites is perceived. To fill this gap, we adopted consumers’ online brand-related activities (COBRAs) framework by Muntinga, Moorman, & Smit (2011) that specified eWOM behavior in social media as three gradual activities, consuming brand-related contents, contributing in brand-related contents, and creating brand-related contents. Six hypotheses and a research model were conducted to identify social media users’ motivations and consequents of engaging in eWOM contents. The empirical data was collected via questionnaire, where the majority of the respondents were within the target group, which was college students, aged 18-24.
    It was revealed through the results, that self-presentation and entertainment have a direct positive effect on consuming eWOM through social networking sites. In addition, consuming eWOM contents was found to have a power to lead consumers involving in a deeper eWOM engagement like contributing in eWOM contents and creating those contents. This research has a potential impact to provide renewed insights for researchers into antecedents and consequences of eWOM behavior and advance the eWOM theory.

    ABSTRACT 1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS 3 1. INTRODUCTION 4 1.1. Research Background 4 1.2. Research Purpose 5 1.3. Thesis Outline 5 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 6 2.1. Word-of-Mouth (WOM) and Electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) 6 2.2. Uses and Gratification (U&G) Theory 10 2.2.1. Applying Uses and Gratification Theory in Social Media Context 12 3. RESEARCH METHOD 17 3.1. Research Administration and Sample 17 3.2. Operational Measures 17 3.3. Measurement Model 20 4. RESULT 23 4.1. Descriptive Analysis 23 4.2. Structural Model 24 5. DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS 27 5.1. Discussion 27 5.1.1. Gratifications Sought from Consuming eWOM Behavior 27 5.1.2. Gratifications Obtained from eWOM Contribution and Creation Behavior 28 5.1.3. Gradual eWOM Activities 28 5.2. Managerial Implications 28 5.3. Limitations 29 5.4. Recommendations 29 REFERENCES 31 APPENDIX 1 36 APPENDIX 2 38

    Abrams, D. E., & Hogg, M. A. (1990). Social identity theory: Constructive and critical advances. Springer-Verlag Publishing.
    Aitken, R., Gray, B., & Lawson, R. (2008). Advertising effectiveness from a consumer perspective. International Journal of Advertising, 279–297.
    Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 179-211.
    Ancu, M., & Cozma, R. (2009). MySpace politics: Uses and gratifications of befriending candidates. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 567-583.
    Arndt, J. (1967). Role of product-related conversations in the diffusion of a new product. Journal of Marketing Research, 291–5.
    Bickart, B., & Schindler, R. M. (2001). Internet forums as influential sources of consumer information. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 31–40.
    Bond, M. H., & Hewstone, M. (1988). Social identity theory and the perception of intergroup relations in Hong Kong. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 153-170.
    Botha, E., & Reyneke, M. (2013). To share or not to share: the role of content and emotion in viral marketing. Journal of Public Affairs, 160–171.
    Boyland, J., Thorsson, M., Warren, R., & Tang, L. (2013). Investigating Internet Based User Generated Content and Its Influence on Hotel Brand Image and Consumer Intent to Purchase. The 18 th Annual Graduate Education and Graduate Student Research Conference . Hospitality and Tourism Proceedings.
    Bronner, F., & de Hoog, R. (2011). Vacationers and eWOM: who posts, and why, where, and what? Journal of Travel Research, 15–26.
    Bumgarner, B. A. (2007). You have been poked: Exploring the uses and gratifications of Facebook among emerging adults. First Monday.
    Chen, G. M. (2011). Tweet this: A uses and gratifications perspective on how active Twitter use gratifies a need to connect with others. Computers in Human Behavior, 755-762.
    Cheng, X., & Zhou, M. (2010). Study on Effect of eWOM: a Literature Review and Suggetions for Futurre Research. Management and Service Science (MASS) (pp. 1-4). IEEE Conference Publication.
    Cheung, C. M., & Lee, M. K. (2012). What Drives Consumers to Spread Electronic Word of Mouth in Online Consumer-Opinion Platforms. Decision Support Systems, 218–25.
    Cheung, C. M., & Thadani, D. R. (2012). The impact of electronic word-of-mouth communication: A literature analysis and integrative model. Decision Support Systems, 461–470.
    Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern methods for business research, 295-336.
    Chu, S.-C., & Kim, Y. (2011). Determinants of consumer engagement in electronic word of mouth (eWOM) in social networking sites. International Journal of Advertising, 47–75.
    Chung, C. M., & Darke, P. R. (2006). The consumer as advocate: Self-relevance, culture, and word-of-mouth. Marketing Letters, 269-279.
    Dellarocas, C., Gao, G., & Narayan, R. (2010). Are Consumers More Likely to Contribute Online Reviews for Hit or Niche Products? Journal of Management Information Systems, 127–57.
    Deutsch, M., & Gerard, H. B. (1955). A study of normative and informational social influences upon individual judgment. The journal of abnormal and social psychology, 629.
    Dholakia, U. M., Bagozzi, R. P., & Pearo, L. K. (2004). A social influence model of consumer participation in network-and small-group-based virtual communities. International journal of research in marketing, 241-263.
    Dichter, E. (1966). How word-of-mouth advertising works. Harvard Business Review, 147-160.
    Fishbein, M. (1979). A theory of reasoned action: some applications and implications. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 65-116.
    Garson, G. D. (2016). Partial Least Squares: Regression & Structural Equation Models. North Carolina: Statistical Publishing Associates.
    Godes, D., & Mayzlin, D. (2004). Using Online Conversations to Study Word-of-Mouth Communication. Marketing Science, 545–560.
    Gruen, T. W., Osmonbekovb, T., & Czaplewskia, A. J. (2006). eWOM: The impact of customer-to-customer online know-how exchange on customer value and loyalty. Journal of Business Research, 449–456.
    Hair Jr., J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
    Hennig-Thurau, T., & Walsh, G. (2003). Electronic Word-of- Mouth: Motives for and Consequences of Reading Customer Articulations on the Internet. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 51–74.
    Hennig-Thurau, T., Gwinner, K. P., Walsh, G., & Gremler, D. D. (2004). Electronic Word-of-Mouth Via Consumer-Opinion Platforms: What Motivates Consumers to Articulate Themselves on the Internet? Journal of Interactive Marketing, 38–52.
    Höck, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2006). Strategic networks in the software industry: An empirical analysis of the value continuum. IFSAM VIIIth World Congress, 2010.
    Im, J., Zou, W., Song, J., Hancer, N., & Qu, H. (2013). The Relationship between eWOM Motivation and eWOM Behavior in the Restaurant Industry. The 18 th Annual Graduate Education and Graduate Student Research Conference. Hospitality and Tourism Proceedings.
    Jia, L., & Hall, D. (2013). Consumer Learning to Promote Behavioral Intention Toward IT Innovation: Is Word of Mouth Needed? AMCIS 2013. AMCIS 2013 Proceedings.
    Karimuddin, A. (2015, February 27). There Are Four Million LinkedIn Users in Indonesia. Retrieved from DailySocial: https://dailysocial.id/post/there-are-four-million-linkedin-users-in-indonesia/
    Katz, E., Gurevitch, M., & Haas, H. (1973). On the Use of the Mass Media for Important Things. American Sociological Review, 164-181.
    Kim, H.-W., Chan, H. C., & Kankanhalli, A. (2012). What Motivates People to Purchase Digital Items on Virtual Community Websites? The Desire for Online Self-Presentation. Information Systems Research, 1232-1245.
    King, R. A., Racherla, P., & Bush, V. D. (2014). What We Know and Don't Know About Online Word-of-Mouth: A Review and Synthesis of the Literature. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 167–183.
    Lampel, J., & Bhalla, A. (2007). The role of status seeking in online communities: Giving the gift of experience. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, 434-455.
    Li, C., & Wang, X. (2013). The Power of eWOM: A re-examination of online student evaluations of their professors. Computers in Human Behavior, 1350-1357.
    Lin, C. A. (1993). Modeling the Gratification-Seeking Process of Television Viewing. Human Communication Research, 224-244.
    Luhtanen, R., & Crocker, J. (1992). A collective self-esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one's social identity. Personality and social psychology bulletin, 302-318.
    Mauri, A., & Minazzi, R. (2013). Web reviews influence on expectations and purchasing intentions of hotel potential customers. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 99-107.
    McLeod, J., & Becker, L. (1981). The uses and gratifications approach. In D. Nimmo & K. Sanders (Eds.), Handbook of Political Communication (pp. 67–100). California: Sage.
    McQuail, D. (1983). Mass Communication Theory, 1st Ed. London: Sage.
    Miniwatts Marketing Group. (2016). Internet Usage in Asia. Retrieved from Internet World Stats: http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats3.htm
    Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The Commitment-Trust Theory of Relationship Marketing. Journal of Marketing, 20-38.
    Muntinga, D. G., Moorman, M., & Smit, E. G. (2011). Introducing COBRAs: Exploring motivations for brand-related social media use. International Journal of Advertising, 13–46.
    Park, N., Kee, K. F., & Valenzuela, S. (2009). Being immersed in social networking environment: Facebook groups, uses and gratifications, and social outcomes. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 729-733.
    Phelps, J. E., Lewis, R., Mobilio, L., Perry, D., & Raman, N. (2004). Viral marketing or electronic word-of-mouth advertising: Examining consumer responses and motivations to pass along email. Journal of advertising research, 333-348.
    Quan-Haase, A., & Young, A. L. (2010). Uses and gratifications of social media: A comparison of Facebook and instant messaging. Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society, 350-361.
    Raacke, J., & Bonds-Raacke, J. (2008). MySpace and Facebook: Applying the uses and gratifications theory to exploring friend-networking sites. Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 169-174.
    Sangwan, S. (2005). Virtual community success: A uses and gratifications perspective. Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference (pp. 193c-193c). System Sciences.
    Serra, D. d., & Soto-Sanfiel, M. T. (2013). When the user Becomes a Publicist: Motivations for EWOM on Facebook. Brazilian Journal of Marketing, 1-16.
    Shao, G. (2009). Understanding the appeal of user-generated media: a uses and gratification perspective. Internet Research, 7-25.
    Sirgy, M. J. (1986). A Quality‐of‐Life Theory Derived from Maslow's Developmental Perspective. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 329-342.
    Smock, A. D., Ellison, N. B., Lampe, C., & Wohn, D. Y. (2011). Facebook as a toolkit: A uses and gratification approach to unbundling feature use. Computers in Human Behavior, 2322–2329.
    Statista. (2016). Number of Twitter users in Indonesia from 2014 to 2019 (in millions). Retrieved from Statista: http://www.statista.com/statistics/490548/twitter-users-indonesia/
    Sundaram, D. S., Mitra, K., & Webster, C. (1998). Word-of-Mouth Communications: A Motivational Analysis. Advances in Consumer Research, 527-531.
    Taylor, D. G., Strutton, D., & Thompson, K. (2012). Self-Enhancement as a Motivation for Sharing Online Advertising. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 13-28.
    Tham, A., Croy, G., & Mair, J. (2013). Social Media in Destination Choice: Distinctive Electronic Word-of-Mouth Dimensions. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing.
    Trusov, M., Bucklin, R. E., & Pauwels, K. (2009). Effects of Word-of-Mouth Versus Traditional Marketing: Findings from an Internet Social Networking Site. American Marketing Association, 90–102.
    Urista, M. A., Dong, Q., & Day, K. D. (2009). Explaining why young adults use MySpace and Facebook through uses and gratifications theory. Human Communication, 215-229.
    Ventekash, V., & Davis, F. D. (2000). A Theoretical Extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four Longtudinal Field Studies. Management Sciences, 186-204.
    Yoo, C., Sanders, G. L., & Moon, J. (2013). Exploring the effect of e-WOM participation on e-Loyalty in e-commerce. Decision Support Systems, 669–678.

    QR CODE