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研究生： 黃思瑤
Szu-Yao Huang
論文名稱： 不同軟段多元醇組成熱塑性聚氨酯之泡材熱性質探討
Thermal properties of thermoplastic polyurethanes foam composed with different soft segments
指導教授： 葉樹開
Shu-Kai Yeh
口試委員: 蘇至善
Chie-Shaan Su
鄭智嘉
Chih-Chia Cheng
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工程學院 - 材料科學與工程系
Department of Materials Science and Engineering
論文出版年： 2018
畢業學年度： 106
語文別： 中文
論文頁數： 112
中文關鍵詞： 熱塑性聚氨酯 、多元醇 、二氧化碳 、批次發泡 、熱處理 、DSC
外文關鍵詞： Thermoplastic polyurethane, Polyol, carbon dioxide, batch foaming, annealing, DSC
相關次數： 點閱：373  下載：0 
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    • 熱塑性聚氨酯(TPU)是由軟鏈段和硬鏈段組成線性嵌段共聚物，而軟、硬鏈段之間的熱力學不相容性造成其微相分離的結構。這種微觀結構賦予TPU各種性能，並可應用於許多領域。而近年來TPU的市場上出現ETPU (expanded TPU)的泡珠材料(bead foam)，具有輕量化、耐磨、彈性好以及環保等優點。泡珠材料的最大優勢為可製備高膨脹倍率的複雜形狀發泡材料，泡珠成型需透過高溫蒸氣進行黏合，在DSC上有雙熔峰是結晶性或彈性體高分子材料能否黏合的重要特徵。本實驗自行合成三種不同軟鏈段的TPU製備低密度泡材。
    本實驗分為三大部分，第一部分為二步法自行合成TPU，分別以PTMEG、PPG、PBA三種不同的多元醇作為軟段，硬段則是MDI與BD組成。
    第二部分為將三種TPU進行不同含浸溫度與含浸時間的熱處理，由於本實驗採用一步法批次發泡製備發泡材料，需要先將材料在高溫下含浸一段時間才進行洩壓發泡。已知熱加工對TPU結構影響很大，因此我們先將樣品進行同樣的熱處理過程再以DSC分析，結果發現三種TPU隨含浸溫度改變的趨勢幾乎一致。
    第三部分為以二氧化碳對TPU進行一步法批次發泡，探討不同含浸溫度和含浸時間與泡孔型態的關係，本實驗使用80、100、120、140°C四種含浸溫度，以及1 hr與24 hr的含浸時間。實驗結果發現相同軟段在兩種含浸時間得到的泡材泡孔型態相似。含浸溫度方面，PPG在100°C得到最高膨脹倍率，PTMEG與PBA則是在120°C得到最高膨脹倍率。將泡材進行DSC分析後，均可看到兩個明顯的吸熱峰，此結果符合泡珠黏合的條件。

    Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) are linear segment block coploymers composed of soft and hard segments, the thermodynamic incompatibility between the soft and hard segments causes microphase separation. Such a microstructure provides TPU various properties. In recent years, expanded TPU (ETPU) bead foam appeared on the market, which has the advantages of lightweight, wear resistance, high elasticity and recyclable. The most important advantage of bead foam material is that it can prepare 3D foaming material with high expansion ratio. The foam beads are sintered using high temperature steam. The double melting peaks is the important feature for elastomeric or crystalline polymers to be sintered. In this experiment, three different soft segments of TPUs were synthesized to prepare low-density foam materials.
    TPU was synthesized by the two-step method using PTMEG, PPG and PBA three different polyols as soft segments. MDI and BD were applied as hard segments.
    The synthesized TPUs were foamed by the one-step batch foaming using CO2 as the blowing agent. TPU was saturated at high temperature for a certain period of time before foaming. It is known that thermal processing has a great influence on the TPU structure. Therefore, series heat treatments were performed on the solid and foamed TPU and then analyzed by DSC. The results showed that the three TPUs has almost the same trend with saturation temperature.
    The relationship between different saturation temperature and saturation time and cell morphology is discussed. After foaming, two distinct endothermic peaks were observed on DSC graph, which is suitable for bead foam sintering.

    摘要 I Abstract III 誌謝 IV 目錄 V 圖目錄 VIII 表目錄 XI 第一章、緒論 1 第二章、文獻回顧 3 2.1 熱塑性聚氨酯簡介 3 2.1.1 TPU合成 5 2.1.2 TPU原料 7 2.1.2.1 二異氰酸酯 7 2.1.2.2 多元醇 8 2.1.2.3 擴鏈劑 9 2.1.2.4 催化劑 9 2.2 TPU性質探討 10 2.2.1 結構影響 10 2.2.2 熱行為探討-熱示差掃描分析(DSC) 12 2.3 高分子發泡材料 14 2.3.1發泡劑 15 2.3.2發泡機制 17 2.3.2.1泡孔成核(cell nucleation) 18 2.3.2.2 泡體成長(cell growth) 20 2.3.2.3 泡體穩定(cell stabilization) 20 2.2.4批次發泡 21 2.2.5泡珠 22 第三章 實驗方法 25 3.1 實驗藥品 25 3.2 實驗儀器 30 3.3 實驗步驟 33 3.3.1 實驗流程圖 33 3.3.2 熱塑性聚氨酯製備 34 3.3.2.1熱塑性聚氨酯合成 34 3.3.2.2滴定實驗 35 3.3.3 混煉加工 36 3.3.4 一步法批次發泡 36 3.3.5 持溫含浸實驗 37 3.4測量方法 38 3.4.1 超效能高分子層析系統(APC) 38 3.4.2 熱示差掃描量熱儀(DSC) 38 3.4.3 掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM) 38 3.4.4 泡孔孔徑(cell size)計算 38 3.4.5 泡材密度(foam density)量測 39 3.4.6 泡孔密度(cell density)計算 39 3.4.7 卡式水分儀(Karl Fischer Titrator) 40 3.4.8 熱重分析儀(TGA) 40 第四章、結果與討論 41 4.1自行合成之熱塑性聚氨酯材料分析 41 4.1.1預聚物滴定分析 41 4.1.2分子量量測 42 4.1.3密度量測 42 4.1.3熱塑性聚氨酯之熱分析 43 4.1.3.1 DSC 43 4.1.3.2 TGA量測 45 4.2不同含浸溫度與時間對熱塑性聚氨酯材料影響 46 4.2.1不同含浸溫度對硬段排序之影響 46 4.2.2不同含浸時間對硬段排序之影響 51 4.3熱塑性聚氨酯一步法批次發泡之發泡材料分析 55 4.3.1發泡溫度對泡孔型態之影響 55 4.3.2含浸時間對泡孔型態之影響 61 4.3.3不同發泡條件之發泡材料熱分析 70 第五章、結論 76 參考文獻 77 附錄A 多元醇類水分測定 86 附錄B 烘箱除水前後DSC圖 87 附錄C 泡材除水前後的DSC圖 88 附錄D 不同含浸時間之膨脹倍率收縮變化 90 附錄E 添加1 wt%滑石粉的影響 92 附錄F TPU泡材之XRD圖 93 附錄G TPU緩洩之DSC圖 94

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