智慧城市的概念在世界許多城市已經通過。智慧城市的範圍廣闊，例如智慧經濟，智慧人，智慧管理，智慧移動，智慧環境和智慧生活。智慧交通將成為定義一個城市更聰明的主要維度。智慧交通與智慧城市內的公共服務密切相關。為了提供更好的服務，智慧城市需要資訊通信技術 (ICT) 的服務創新，為整個公共服務提供以技術為基礎的解決方案。其中一個資訊通信技術 (ICT) 的服務創新案例是智能交通系統。過去少有研究闡述資訊通信技術 (ICT) 服務創新在智慧城市中扮演的角色。我們發展了八個針對智能交通系統的資訊通信技術 (ICT) 機制可提供市民服務創新。資訊通信技術 (ICT) 機制包含無處不在的部署，準時資源控制，數據值的發展，行為模式，導航控制，資訊中心，服務監控和管理的控制。在台北排名第一的資訊通信技術 (ICT) 機制是準時資源控制，在泗水是導航控制。此研究可作為其他城市發展智能交通系統朝向智慧城市的參考。

The concept of the smart city has adopted in many cities in the world. The smart city has a broad dimension such as the smart economy, smart people, smart governance, smart mobility, smart environment and smart living. Smart transportation becomes the major dimension for a city for being smarter. Smart transportation has close-related with public services within the smart city. To provide better services, the smart city required ICT-enabled service innovation, technology-based solutions for the whole public services. One example of ICT-enabled service innovation is an intelligent transportation system. Few previous types of research described the role of ICT-enabled service innovation in the smart city area. We developed eight ICT-enabled mechanisms for an intelligent transportation system that allowed providing service innovation to citizens. ICT-enabled mechanisms contain ubiquitous deployment, ontime resource control, data value development, behavioral pattern, navigation control, information center, service monitoring, and management control. The first rankings of ICT-enabled mechanism in Taipei is ontime resource control and in Surabaya is navigation control. This research is expected to be an idea for another city when developing intelligent transportation system toward the smart city.

Agarwal, S., Erramilli, M. K., & Dev, C. S. (2003). Market orientation and performance in service firms: role of innovation. Journal of Services Marketing, 17(1), 68–82. http://doi.org/10.1108/08876040310461282
Alawadhi, S., Aldama-Nalda, A., Chourabi, H., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Leung, S., Mellouli, S., … Walker, S. (2012). Building understanding of smart city initiatives. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 7443 LNCS, 40–53. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-33489-4_4
Albino, V., Berardi, U., & Dangelico, R. M. (2015). Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives. Journal of Urban Technology, 22(1), 3–21. http://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2014.942092
Ang, L.-M., & Seng, K. P. (2016). Big Sensor Data Applications in Urban Environments. Big Data Research, 1, 1–12. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.bdr.2015.12.003
Aragonés-Beltrán, P., Chaparro-González, F., Pastor-Ferrando, J.-P., & Pla-Rubio, A. (2014). An AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process)/ANP (Analytic Network Process)-based multi-criteria decision approach for the selection of solar-thermal power plant investment projects. Energy, 66, 222–238. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2013.12.016
Ashikin, N., Yusof, M., & Salleh, S. H. (2013). Analytical Hierarchy Process in Multiple Decisions Making for Higher Education in Malaysia. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 81, 389–394. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.448
Batty, M., Axhausen, K. W., Giannotti, F., Pozdnoukhov, A., Bazzani, A., Wachowicz, M., … Portugali, Y. (2012). Smart cities of the future. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 214(1), 481–518. http://doi.org/10.1140/epjst/e2012-01703-3
Belanche, D., Casaló, L. V., & Orús, C. (2016). City attachment and use of urban services: Benefits for smart cities. Cities, 50, 75–81. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.08.016
Ben Letaifa, S. (2015). How to strategize smart cities: Revealing the SMART model. Journal of Business Research, 68(7), 1414–1419. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.01.024
Bhushan, Navneet, Rai, K. (2004). Strategic Decision Making (1st ed.). Springer-Verlag London. http://doi.org/10.1007/b97668
Bicocchi, N., Cecaj, A., Fontana, D., Mamei, M., Sassi, A., & Zambonelli, F. (2013). Collective awareness for human-ICT collaboration in smart cities. Proceedings of the Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, WETICE, 3–8. http://doi.org/10.1109/WETICE.2013.34
Borg, D. L., & Scerri, K. (2015). Efficient Traffic Modelling and Dynamic Control of an Urban Region. Transportation Research Procedia, 6(June 2014), 224–238. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2015.03.018
Cestyakara, A., & Surendro, K. (2014). Bandung Towards Smart City - A Study In SMEs for Social Media Adoption and Determinant Factors, 171–176.
Chakraborty, P. S., Tiwari, A., & Sinha, P. R. (2015). Adaptive and Optimized Emergency Vehicle Dispatching Algorithm for Intelligent Traffic Management System. Procedia Computer Science, 57, 1384–1393. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.454
Chen, K.-H., Wang, C.-H., Huang, S.-Z., & Shen, G. C. (2016). Service innovation and new product performance: The influence of market-linking capabilities and market turbulence. International Journal of Production Economics, 172, 54–64. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.11.004
Cheng, Y.-H., & Chen, S.-Y. (2015). Perceived accessibility, mobility, and connectivity of public transportation systems. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 77, 386–403. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2015.05.003
Chou, T. C., & Huang, M. Y. (2012). Understanding the roles of business ecosystems in large public IT infrastructure project development: The case of M-Taipei. International Journal of Information Management, 32(1), 88–92. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2011.10.001
Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., … Scholl, H. J. (2012). Understanding Smart Cities: An Integrative Framework. 2012 45th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2289–2297. http://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2012.615
Chuantao, Y. I. N., Zhang, X., Hui, C., Jingyuan, W., Daven, C., & Bertrand, D. (2015). A literature survey on smart cities, 58(October), 1–18. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-015-5397-4
City Of New York, T. (2011). Road Map for the Digital City: Achieving New York City’s Digital Future. City. http://doi.org/10.1080/13604819708900071
Conway-beaulieu, J., Athaide, A., Jalali, R., & El-khatib, K. (2015). Smartphone-based Architecture for Smart Cities, 79–83.
Danar Sunindyo, W., Akbar, S., & Iqbal, M. (2013). Towards a smart world class city - Case: Building Bandung ICT master plan. Proceedings - International Conference on ICT for Smart Society 2013: “Think Ecosystem Act Convergence”, ICISS 2013, 284–288. Retrieved from http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-84884822810&partnerID=40&md5=ee336c6aa6c9b7043efc6861120fa095
Debnath, A. K., Chin, H. C., Haque, M. M., & Yuen, B. (2014). A methodological framework for benchmarking smart transport cities. Cities, 37, 47–56. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.11.004
den Hertog, P., van der Aa, W., & de Jong, M. W. (2010). Capabilities for managing service innovation: towards a conceptual framework. Journal of Service Management, 21(4), 490–514. http://doi.org/10.1108/09564231011066123
Department of Information Technology Taipei City. (2015). Taipei Ranks One of 53 Must-Visit Cities by US Media. Retrieved April 26, 2016, from http://english.gov.taipei/ct.asp?xItem=98507046&ctNode=8472&mp=100002
Diaz-Cabrera, M., Cerri, P., & Medici, P. (2015). Robust real-time traffic light detection and distance estimation using a single camera. Expert Systems with Applications, 42(8), 3911–3923. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2014.12.037
Dimitrakopoulos, G., & Demestichas, P. (2010). Intelligent Transportation Systems. IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine, 5(March 2010), 77–84. http://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2009.935537
Dominguez-Péry, C., Ageron, B., & Neubert, G. (2013). A service science framework to enhance value creation in service innovation projects. An RFID case study. International Journal of Production Economics, 141(2), 440–451. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2011.12.026
Durst, S., Mention, A.-L., & Poutanen, P. (2014). Service innovation and its impact: What do we know about? Investigaciones Europeas de Dirección Y Economía de La Empresa, 21(2), 65–72. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.iedee.2014.07.003
Erdil, A., & Erbıyık, H. (2015). Selection Strategy via Analytic Hierarchy Process: An Application for a Small Enterprise in Milk Sector. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 2618–2628. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.463
Errichiello, L., & Marasco, A. (2014). Open Service Innovation in Smart Cities: A Framework for Exploring Innovation Networks in the Development of New City Services. Advanced Engineering Forum, 11, 115–124. http://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AEF.11.115
Garcia-Ortiz, a, Amin, S., & Wootton, J. (1995). Intelligent Transportation Systems Enabling Technologies. Math. Comput. Modelling (Vol. 22). http://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(95)00127-N
Gaur, A., Scotney, B., Parr, G., & McClean, S. (2015). Smart City Architecture and its Applications Based on IoT. Procedia Computer Science, 52(0), 1089–1094. http://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.05.122
Gibson D V, Kozmetsky G, S. R. W. (1992). The Technopolis Phenomenon: Smart Cities, Fast Systems, Global Networks. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Giffinger, R., & Pichler-Milanović, N. (2007). Smart Cities: Ranking of European Medium-Sized Cities, (2007).
Harrison, C. and Donnelly, I. A. (2011). A Theory of Smart Cities. Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the ISSS - 2011, Hull, UK, (Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the ISSS), 1–15. Retrieved from http://journals.isss.org/index.php/proceedings55th/article/viewFile/1703/572
He, J., Zeng, Z., & Li, Z. (2010). Benefit Evaluation Framework of Intelligent Transportation Systems. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 10(1), 81–87. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1570-6672(09)60025-8
Hedlund, J. (2012). Smart City 2020. Technology and Society in the Modern City, (March), 27. Retrieved from http://www.microsoft.com/global/sv-se/offentlig-sektor/PublishingImages/Smart_city_2020.pdf
Hollands, R. G. (2008). Will the real smart city please stand up? City, 12(3), 303–320. http://doi.org/10.1080/13604810802479126
Hsieh, J.-K., & Hsieh, Y.-C. (2015). Dialogic co-creation and service innovation performance in high-tech companies. Journal of Business Research, 68(11), 2266–2271. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.06.009
Khansari, N., Mostashari, A., & Mansouri, M. (2013). Impacting Sustainable Behaviour and Planning in Smart City. International Journal of Sustainable Land Use and Urban Planning, 1(2), 46–61.
Kobayashi, T., & Ikaruga, S. (2015). Development of a smart city planning support tool using the cooperative method. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 1–8. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2015.09.004
KOMPAS.com. (2015). Surabaya, Yogyakarta, dan Magelang Kota Cerdas 2015. Retrieved April 19, 2016, from http://lipsus.kompas.com/kotacerdas/read/2015/08/13/200801621/Surabaya.Yogyakarta.dan.Magelang.Kota.Cerdas.2015
Kuk, G., & Janssen, M. (2011). The Business Models and Information Architectures of Smart Cities. Journal of Urban Technology, 18(2), 39–52. http://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2011.601109
Kumar, S., Luthra, S., Haleem, A., Mangla, S. K., & Garg, D. (2015). Identification and evaluation of critical factors to technology transfer using AHP approach. International Strategic Management Review (Vol. 3). Holy Spirit University of Kaslik. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ism.2015.09.001
Lan, L. W., Wang, M.-T., & Kuo, A. Y. (2006). Development and Deployment of Public Transport Policy and Planning in Taiwan. Transportation, 33(2), 153–170. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-005-3048-0
Lazaroiu, G. C., & Roscia, M. (2012). Definition methodology for the smart cities model. Energy, 47(1), 326–332. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2012.09.028
Lee, J. H., Hancock, M. G., & Hu, M.-C. (2014). Towards an effective framework for building smart cities: Lessons from Seoul and San Francisco. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 89, 80–99. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.08.033
Lee, J. H., Phaal, R., & Lee, S.-H. (2013). An integrated service-device-technology roadmap for smart city development. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 80(2), 286–306. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2012.09.020
Lee, J., & Lee, H. (2014). Developing and validating a citizen-centric typology for smart city services. Government Information Quarterly, 31, S93–S105. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2014.01.010
Lee, J.-H., & Hancock, M. G. (2012). Towards a Framework for Smart Cities: A Comparison of Seul, San Francisco & Amsterdam. Yonsei University. Retrieved from http://iis-db.stanford.edu/evnts/7239/Jung_Hoon_Lee_final.pdf
Lee, S. H., Han, J. H., Leem, Y. T., & Yigitcanlar, T. (2008). Towards Ubiquitous City: Concept, Planning, and Experiences in the Republic of Korea. Knowledge-Based Urban Development: Planning and Applications in the Information Era, 148–170. http://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-720-1
Lee, S., Kim, W., Kim, Y. M., & Oh, K. J. (2012). Using AHP to determine intangible priority factors for technology transfer adoption. Expert Systems with Applications, 39(7), 6388–6395. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2011.12.030
Lee, T. T. (2008). Research on Intelligent Transportation Systems in Taiwan. Proceedings of the 27th Chinese Control Conference, CCC, (91), 18–23. http://doi.org/10.1109/CHICC.2008.4604875
Lipsky, M. (2010). Street Level Bureaucracy: Dilemmas of the Individual in Public Services. The Russel Sage Foundation, 1–11. http://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703993104
Mayor, V., Area, T., Code, A., Growth, E., Expectancy, L., Level, U., … Buana, W. S. (2014). Surabaya city brief, (December).
Mone, G. (2015). The new smart cities. Communications of the ACM, 58(7), 20–21. http://doi.org/10.1145/2771297
Nam, T., & Pardo, T. a. (2011). Conceptualizing smart city with dimensions of technology, people, and institutions. Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference on Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times - Dg.o ’11, 282. http://doi.org/10.1145/2037556.2037602
NEC Corporation. (2014). Smart City. http://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-06160-3
Neirotti, P., De Marco, A., Cagliano, A. C., Mangano, G., & Scorrano, F. (2014). Current trends in Smart City initiatives: Some stylised facts. Cities, 38, 25–36. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2013.12.010
Ordanini, A., & Rubera, G. (2010). How does the application of an IT service innovation affect firm performance? A theoretical framework and empirical analysis on e-commerce. Information & Management, 47(1), 60–67. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2009.10.003
Palmisano, S. J. (2008). A Smarter Planet: The Next Leadership Agenda, (IBM).
Paroutis, S., Bennett, M., & Heracleous, L. (2013). A strategic view on smart city technology: The case of IBM Smarter Cities during a recession. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 89, 262–272. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2013.08.041
Paswan, A., D’Souza, D., & Zolfagharian, M. A. (2009). Toward a contextually anchored service innovation typology. Decision Sciences, 40(3), 513–540. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2009.00239.x
Piro, G., Cianci, I., Grieco, L. A., Boggia, G., & Camarda, P. (2014). Information centric services in Smart Cities. Journal of Systems and Software, 88, 169–188. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2013.10.029
Ponting, A. (2013). High-Tech Urbanism: The Political and Economic Implications of the Smart City. Stanfort University Thesis. Retrieved from http://urbanstudies.stanford.edu/programs/documents/Ponting-FinalThesis.pdf
Rai, A., & Sambamurthy, V. (2006). Editorial notes-the growth of interest in services management: Opportunities for information systems scholars. Information Systems Research, 17(4), 327–331. http://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1060.0108
Riel, A. C. R. Van, Lemmink, J., & Ouwersloot, H. (2004). High-Technology Service Innovation Success: A Decision-Making Perspective, (1996), 348–359.
Saaty, R. W. (1987). The analytic hierarchy process-what it is and how it is used. Mathematical Modelling, 9(3-5), 161–176. http://doi.org/10.1016/0270-0255(87)90473-8
Saaty, R. W. (2003). The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). SUPER DECISIONS.
Saaty, T. L. (1990). How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. European Journal of Operational Research, 48(1), 9–26. http://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(90)90057-I
Santamaría, L., Jesús Nieto, M., & Miles, I. (2012). Service innovation in manufacturing firms: Evidence from Spain. Technovation, 32(2), 144–155. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2011.08.006
Song, L. Z., Song, M., & Di Benedetto, C. A. (2009). A Staged Service Innovation Model. Decision Sciences, 40(3), 571–599. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.2009.00240.x
Sucasas, V., Mantas, G., Saghezchi, F. B., Radwan, A., & Rodriguez, J. (2016). An autonomous privacy-preserving authentication scheme for intelligent transportation systems. Computers & Security, 60, 193–205. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2016.04.006
Sun, L., Li, Y., & Gao, J. (2016). Architecture and Application Research of Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems. Procedia Engineering, 137, 747–753. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.01.312
Surabaya.go.id. (2015). Sejarah Surabaya. Retrieved April 19, 2016, from http://sparkling.surabaya.go.id/about-surabaya/the-history-of-surabaya/
Thakur, R., & Hale, D. (2013). Service innovation: A comparative study of U.S. and Indian service firms. Journal of Business Research, 66(8), 1108–1123. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.03.007
The Government of Republic of China. (2015). The Republic of China Yearbook 2015. The Executive Yuan. Retrieved from http://yearbook.multimedia.ey.gov.tw/enebook/2015yearbook/index.html
Ward, J. R., Agamennoni, G., Worrall, S., Bender, A., & Nebot, E. (2015). Extending Time to Collision for probabilistic reasoning in general traffic scenarios. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 51, 66–82. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2014.11.002
Weber, K. M., Heller-Schuh, B., Godoe, H., & Roeste, R. (2014). ICT-enabled system innovations in public services: Experiences from intelligent transport systems. Telecommunications Policy, 38(5-6), 539–557.
Wind, Y., & Saaty, T. L. (1980). Marketing Applications of the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Management Science, 26(7), 641–658. http://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.26.7.641
Wu, C.-W. (2014). The study of service innovation for digiservice on loyalty. Journal of Business Research, 67(5), 819–824. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.11.051
Yonezawa, T., Galache, J. A., Gurgen, L., Matranga, I., Maeomichi, H., & Shibuya, T. (2015). A citizen-centric approach towards global-scale smart city platform. Recent Advances in Internet of Things (RIoT), 2015 International Conference