低密度微孔發泡材的重要性多年來已在許多應用領域得到證明，而奈米多孔材料相對於微孔以及傳統泡材，其絕熱，光學，聲學和結構上等的獨特性質，引起了學者的研究與興趣。
本實驗使用PMMA並以氣體溶解技術生產奈米泡孔高分子，在固定含浸壓力(2000 psi)的條件下，降低含浸溫度(0°C至- 30°C)，探討其對高分子發泡之影響。為此，發泡步驟在熱壓機與熱水中進行，並且比較兩者熱傳的差異以及對於最終泡孔結構的影響；我們發現，不論是熱壓或熱水發泡，最小的孔徑都可以達到35 nm左右。本實驗藉由COMSOL軟體的模擬可得知，熱水發泡的熱傳較熱壓快，並藉由熱水熱傳較快造成相對密度差異、殼層厚度較薄、過渡層厚度較薄、泡孔大小縮小等性質。另外熱壓發泡的樣品，因為製備樣品過程中的壓延造成流動，泡孔會明顯的延伸拉長，造成長徑比從1.4上升至約1.6。
在物理性質方面，我們探討了泡孔以及相對密度對於泡材熱傳與光學性質所造成的變化，在熱傳性質上使用Gibson and Ashby 模型進行估算，在固定泡孔為50 nm的情況下，熱導率依不同相對密度做圖，並且發現本實驗結果與趨勢符合其模型的估算。在光學性質方面，高分子奈米泡材的透光率會根據泡孔大小不同而有變化，也就是以瑞利散射為主導機制，解釋了泡孔對於透光率的影響；比較三種同泡孔69 nm、58 nm、37 nm但相似相對密度下之透光率，的泡孔越小透光率越高。在相對密度影響上，比較兩種不同相對密度0.4和0.8但泡孔相似的透光率，發現相對密度越高，可見光的透光率越高。

Polymeric foam with a cell size of nanometer range has attracted lots of attention because of its superior physical and mechanical properties than microcellular foams. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) has been widely used to fabricate the nano-cellular foam due to its high affinity to CO2. In this study, nanocellular foams were fabricated by solid-state foaming with saturation temperature (Tsat) ranging from 0°C to - 30°C and a foaming temperature (Tfoam) of 60°C, 80°C, and 100°C.
The foams in this study were prepared by either a thermal bath or hot press. The final cellular structure for both foaming steps is studied to compare the difference between two different foaming process. In both cases, the cell size decreased as Tsat went down and. The smallest cell size obtained can be as small as 35 nm. Besides, the heat transfer conditions are simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics® Modeling Software. The results show that heat conduction of the hot water bath is faster than that of hot press, which leads to smaller cell size and thinner solid skin. On the other hand, the cell aspect ratio for hot press foaming is higher than that prepared by a hot water bath due to the restriction of the plates and the flow field created during the press.
The physical properties of the foams prepared by the hot water bath were explored. The changes in thermal and optical properties with cell size and relative density were studied. The Gibson and Ashby model was applied to estimate the thermal conduction coefficient. The model fits properly with our experiment data. For the optical property, our results showed that the small cell size and high relative density result in high transmittance of the Ultraviolet-Visible spectrum.

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