自八十年代發展至今，電腦的普及與科技技術的發展，促使多樣化的科技產品融入人們的生活當中。科技產品在生活中扮演各種角色，幫助人們解決困難，而隨著老年人口數量及比例上升，科技與銀髮族也逐漸成為熱門議題，也越來越多不同領域的學者投入研究。期望能了解高齡族群與科技使用間的關係，並且站在銀髮族的角度觀察科技應用所能扮演的角色;因此本研究將由學術的角度出發，探尋銀髮科技的發展，以及由銀髮族生活中觀察真正的老年需求，藉此找出銀髮科技產品的發展方向及機會。
為了解科技產品在年長族群中所扮演的角色及探討議題，本研究搜集 「銀髮科技」的資料進行探討，並同時搜尋「樂齡老人」議題研究，找出老年生活必須考量的面向。本研究從書籍與期刊文章界定研究範圍和關鍵字後，從 Web of Science 輸出資料，而後以主路徑分析以及集群分析，從中了解銀髮科技知識的發展軌跡，並從焦點子題中找尋更深入的議題，以利後續科技應用於生活需求面的探討。
本研究發現銀髮科技的探討主題隨著時間而產生變化，從主要脈絡的發展中發現科技應用已逐漸成為學者的關注的焦點，藉由集群分析亦幫助本研究找到三個新興的探討子題，了解發展中的科技應用；其一為電動和運動遊戲等技術應用於年長者的身體及認知機能訓練；第二為機器人的應用，探討機器人的功效、設計與倫理相關議題；第三則為輔助技術的各個使用面向的探討。另外，於樂齡老人議題歸納出老年需求分為身體機能、認知、心理健康和社會環境構面，透過科技應用與需求面的交叉分析，對科技應用於需求構面的發展潛力提出具體的建議，讓產業了解未來科技產品及服務可能的發展方向。

With the prevalence and development of Information Technology from 1980s, various IT products have integrated in and be an important part in our daily life. The elderly population, one of the important and increasing share in the society, also have to adapt to the IT generation. The issues related to technology and elders becoming hot topic, and scholars from diverse fields dedicated to this “sliver technology” research. In order to learn the subject and discover proper technological applications from the seniors’ perspective, the paper identify the knowledge development of silver technology from an academic point of view, and explore future opportunity of silver-technology products by observing the needs of older people.
In order to figure out topics discussed in the field of “silver technology”, we collect the publication data from Web of Science for show the main knowledge development. We also collect “active seniors” publication dataset to identify the demand dimension in older life. By reviewing books and articles, we define the research boundary and searching keywords. We take main path analysis, and cluster analysis to observe the possible trends in the field of silver technology and analyze future application for industrial actors by considering both technological and demand dimensions.
The research result shows that topics on main stream has changed over time. From technology access, technology application, to a wider diffusion into society where the elder belong to. We also found out that the topic of technology applications emerged from the silver technology field. Three brand-new topics are found by clustering analysis. One discusses that technological applications have to improve physical function of elders. The other topic shows the application of robots to help the elder’s daily life. The third cluster is focusing on the use of assistive technology. Moreover, we found out the elderly needs can be divided into physical function, cognition, mental health and social environment from the topic of “active seniors”. By using a technology and demand crosstab, we check the potential innovation opportunities for technology applications. The analysis aims to give the suggestions for industrial actor in integrating technologies or design products and services for silver generation.

參考文獻
Rogers, W.A., Gilbert, D.K., & Cabrera, E. F. (1997). An analysis of automatic teller machine usage by older adults: A structured interview approach. Applied Ergonomics, 28(3), 173-180. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-6870(96)00076-2
Adcock, M., Fankhauser, M., Post, J., Lutz, K., Zizlsperger, L., Luft, A. R., Guimarães, V., Schättin, A., & de Bruin, E. D. (2019). Effects of an In-home Multicomponent Exergame Training on Physical Functions, Cognition, and Brain Volume of Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Med (Lausanne), 6, 321. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2019.00321
Adcock, M., Thalmann, M., Schättin, A., Gennaro, F., & de Bruin, E. D. (2019). A Pilot Study of an In-Home Multicomponent Exergame Training for Older Adults: Feasibility, Usability and Pre-Post Evaluation. Front Aging Neurosci, 11, 304. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00304
Anderson, G. O. (2018). Getting Connected: Older Americans Embrace Technology to Enhance Their Lives. AARP Research. https://doi.org/10.26419/res.00210.001
Anderson, N. D., Ebert, P. L., Jennings, J. M., Grady, C. L., Cabeza, R., & Graham, S. J. (2008). Recollection- and familiarity-based memory in healthy aging and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychology, 22(2), 177-187. https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.22.2.177
Arim, R. (2015). A profile of persons with disabilities among Canadians aged 15 years or older, 2012. Statistics Canada= Statistique Canada.
Ballesteros, S., Mayas, J., Prieto, A., Toril, P., Pita, C., Laura Pde, L., Reales, J. M., & Waterworth, J. A. (2015). A randomized controlled trial of brain training with non-action video games in older adults: results of the 3-month follow-up. Front Aging Neurosci, 7, 45. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2015.00045
Balota, D. A., Cortese, M. J., Duchek, J. M., Adams, D., Roediger, H. L., McDermott, K. B., & Yerys, B. E. (1999). Veridical and false memories in healthy older adults and in dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 16(3-5), 361-384. https://doi.org/10.1080/026432999380834
Basak, C., Boot, W. R., Voss, M. W., & Kramer, A. F. (2008). Can training in a real-time strategy video game attenuate cognitive decline in older adults? Psychol Aging, 23(4), 765-777. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013494
Belleville, S., Ménard, M. C., & Lepage, E. (2011). Impact of novelty and type of material on recognition in healthy older adults and persons with mild cognitive impairment. Neuropsychologia, 49(10), 2856-2865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.06.011
Bilotta, C., Bowling, A., Casè, A., Nicolini, P., Mauri, S., Castelli, M., & Vergani, C. (2010). Dimensions and correlates of quality of life according to frailty status: a cross-sectional study on community-dwelling older adults referred to an outpatient geriatric service in Italy. Health Qual Life Outcomes, 8, 56. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-8-56
Bisson, E., Contant, B., Sveistrup, H., & Lajoie, Y. (2007). Functional balance and dual-task reaction times in older adults are improved by virtual reality and biofeedback training. Cyberpsychol Behav, 10(1), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9997
Blackler, A. L., Popovic, V., & Mahar, D. (2005). Intuitive Interaction Applied to Interface Design.
Boudiny, K. I. M. (2013). ‘Active ageing’: from empty rhetoric to effective policy tool. Ageing and Society, 33(6), 1077-1098. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X1200030X
Bouma, H., & Graafmans, J. A. (1992). Gerontechnology (Vol. 3). IOS Press.
Bowling, A. (1993). The concepts of successful and positive ageing. Fam Pract, 10(4), 449-453. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/10.4.449
Bowling, A. (2008). Enhancing later life: how older people perceive active ageing? Aging Ment Health, 12(3), 293-301. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860802120979
Bowling, A., & Dieppe, P. (2005). What is successful ageing and who should define it? [Article]. British Medical Journal, 331(7531), 1548-1551. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.331.7531.1548
Bradwell, H. L., Edwards, K. J., Winnington, R., Thill, S., & Jones, R. B. (2019). Companion robots for older people: importance of user-centred design demonstrated through observations and focus groups comparing preferences of older people and roboticists in South West England. BMJ Open, 9(9), e032468. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032468
Breazeal, C., Dautenhahn, K., & Kanda, T. (2016). Social robotics. Springer handbook of robotics, 1935-1972.
Bruderer-Hofstetter, M., Rausch-Osthoff, A. K., Meichtry, A., Münzer, T., & Niedermann, K. (2018). Effective multicomponent interventions in comparison to active control and no interventions on physical capacity, cognitive function and instrumental activities of daily living in elderly people with and without mild impaired cognition - A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev, 45, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2018.04.002
Cabrera, M., & Malanowski, N. (2009). Information and communication technologies for active ageing: Opportunities and challenges for the European union.
Ceruzzi, P. E. (2003). A history of modern computing. MIT press.
Chaffin, A. J., & Harlow, S. D. (2005). Cognitive learning applied to older adult learners and technology. Educational Gerontology, 31(4), 301-329. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270590916803
Charness, N. (2008). Technology as multiplier effect for an aging workforce. In Social structures and aging individuals: Continuing challenges. (pp. 167-192). Springer Publishing Co.
Charness, N., & Boot, W. R. (2009). Aging and Information Technology Use:Potential and Barriers. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(5), 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01647.x
Chen, K., & Chan, A. (2011). A review of technology acceptance by older adults. Gerontechnology, 10. https://doi.org/10.4017/gt.2011.10.01.006.00
Chen, K., & Chan, A. H.-s. (2013). Use or Non-Use of Gerontechnology—A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 10(10), 4645-4666. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/10/4645
Choi, N. (2011). Relationship between health service use and health information technology use among older adults: analysis of the US National Health Interview Survey. J Med Internet Res, 13(2), e33. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1753
Choi, N. G., & Dinitto, D. M. (2013a). The digital divide among low-income homebound older adults: Internet use patterns, eHealth literacy, and attitudes toward computer/Internet use. J Med Internet Res, 15(5), e93. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2645
Choi, N. G., & Dinitto, D. M. (2013b). Internet use among older adults: association with health needs, psychological capital, and social capital. J Med Internet Res, 15(5), e97. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2333
Choi, S. D., Guo, L., Kang, D., & Xiong, S. (2017). Exergame technology and interactive interventions for elderly fall prevention: A systematic literature review. Appl Ergon, 65, 570-581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2016.10.013
Cilliers, L., & Gaba, S. (2014). Improving the utilisation of smart technology in the home environment. Design Development Conference,
Cohen-Mansfield, J., Muff, A., Meschiany, G., & Lev-Ari, S. (2021). Adequacy of Web-Based Activities as a Substitute for In-Person Activities for Older Persons During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey Study. J Med Internet Res, 23(1), e25848. https://doi.org/10.2196/25848
Corregidor-Sánchez, A. I., Polonio-López, B., Martin-Conty, J. L., Rodríguez-Hernández, M., Mordillo-Mateos, L., Schez-Sobrino, S., & Criado-Álvarez, J. J. (2021). Exergames to Prevent the Secondary Functional Deterioration of Older Adults during Hospitalization and Isolation Periods during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sustainability, 13(14), 7932. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/14/7932
Cortés, U., Annicchiarico, R., Vázquez-Salceda, J., Urdiales, C., Cañamero, L., López-Sánchez, M., Sànchez-Marrè, M., & Caltagirone, C. (2003). Assistive technologies for the disabled and for the new generation of senior citizens: the e-Tools architecture. AI Communications, 16, 193-207.
Coughlin, J. F. (2018). The Longevity Economy: Why Seniors Are a Fast-Growing Emerging Market. Barron's Online. https://www.barrons.com/articles/seniors-have-spending-power-especially-as-life-spans-lengthen-1544226021
Craig, J., & Petterson, V. (2005). Introduction to the Practice of Telemedicine. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 11(1), 3-9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1357633X0501100102
Cresswell-Smith, J., Wahlbeck, K., & Kalseth, J. (2022). Life Conditions as Mediators of Welfare State Effect on Mental Wellbeing among Oldest Old in Europe. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 19(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074363
Czaja, S. J. (2017). The Potential Role of Technology in Supporting Older Adults. Public Policy & Aging Report, 27(2), 44-48. https://doi.org/10.1093/ppar/prx006
Daselaar, S. M., Fleck, M. S., Dobbins, I. G., Madden, D. J., & Cabeza, R. (2006). Effects of healthy aging on hippocampal and rhinal memory functions: an event-related fMRI study. Cereb Cortex, 16(12), 1771-1782. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhj112
de Bruin, E. D., Schoene, D., Pichierri, G., & Smith, S. T. (2010). Use of virtual reality technique for the training of motor control in the elderly. Some theoretical considerations. Z Gerontol Geriatr, 43(4), 229-234. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-010-0124-7
Dickinson, A., & Gregor, P. (2006). Computer use has no demonstrated impact on the well-being of older adults. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64(8), 744-753. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2006.03.001
Dikken, J., van den Hoven, R. F. M., van Staalduinen, W. H., Hulsebosch-Janssen, L. M. T., & van Hoof, J. (2020). How Older People Experience the Age-Friendliness of Their City: Development of the Age-Friendly Cities and Communities Questionnaire. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(18), 6867. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/18/6867
Donisi, V., Tedeschi, F., Gonzalez-Caballero, J. L., Cresswell-Smith, J., Lara, E., Miret, M., Forsman, A. K., Wahlbeck, K., Amaddeo, F., & Kalseth, J. (2021). Is mental well-being in the oldest old different from that in younger age groups? Exploring the mental well-being of the oldest-old population in Europe. Journal of Happiness Studies, 22(4), 1693-1717.
Doreian, P. (2006). Exploratory Social Network Analysis with Pajek, W. de Nooy, A. Mrvar, V. Batagelj. Cambridge University Press, New York (2005). Social Networks, 28, 269–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2005.12.002
Dustman, R. E., Emmerson, R. Y., Steinhaus, L. A., Shearer, D. E., & Dustman, T. J. (1992). The effects of videogame playing on neuropsychological performance of elderly individuals. J Gerontol, 47(3), P168-171. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/47.3.p168
Eisma, R., Dickinson, A., Goodman, J., Syme, A., Tiwari, L., & Newell, A. F. (2004). Early user involvement in the development of information technology-related products for older people. Universal Access in the Information Society, 3(2), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-004-0092-z
Ely, H. (2005). Driving confidence and in-vehicle telematics : a study of technology adoption patterns of the 50+ driving population.
Érdi, P., Makovi, K., Somogyvári, Z., Strandburg, K., Tobochnik, J., Volf, P., & Zalányi, L. (2013). Prediction of emerging technologies based on analysis of the US patent citation network. Scientometrics, 95(1), 225-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-012-0796-4
Etkin, K. What Is AgeTech? TheGerontechnologist. https://www.thegerontechnologist.com/what-is-age-tech/
Etkin, K. (2021). 2020 Age Tech Market Map. TheGerontechnologist. https://www.thegerontechnologist.com/2020-age-tech-market-map/
Fengler, W. (2021). The silver economy is coming of age: A look at the growing spending power of seniors. Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2021/01/14/the-silver-economy-is-coming-of-age-a-look-at-the-growing-spending-power-of-seniors/
Fernandez-Ballesteros, R. (2011). Positive ageing: Objective, subjective, and combined outcomes. E-Journal of Applied Psychology, 7(1).
Forsman, A. K., & Nordmyr, J. (2017). Psychosocial Links Between Internet Use and Mental Health in Later Life: A Systematic Review of Quantitative and Qualitative Evidence. J Appl Gerontol, 36(12), 1471-1518. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464815595509
Foster, L., & Walker, A. (2014). Active and Successful Aging: A European Policy Perspective. The gerontologist, 55(1), 83-90. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu028
Frennert, S., & Östlund, B. (2014). Review: Seven Matters of Concern of Social Robots and Older People. International Journal of Social Robotics, 6(2), 299-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-013-0225-8
Fujita, M. (2001). AIBO: Toward the era of digital creatures. I. J. Robotic Res., 20, 781-794. https://doi.org/10.1177/02783640122068092
Gabriel, Z., & Bowling, A. N. N. (2004). Quality of life from the perspectives of older people. Ageing and Society, 24(5), 675-691. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X03001582
Gaiduk, M., Seepold, R., Martínez Madrid, N., & Ortega, J. A. (2021). Digital Health and Care Study on Elderly Monitoring. Sustainability, 13(23), 13376. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/23/13376
Gasiorowski-Denis, E. (2017). The Silver Economy. International Organization for Standardization. https://www.iso.org/news/Ref2168.htm
Gell, N. M., Wallace, R. B., LaCroix, A. Z., Mroz, T. M., & Patel, K. V. (2015). Mobility device use in older adults and incidence of falls and worry about falling: findings from the 2011-2012 national health and aging trends study. J Am Geriatr Soc, 63(5), 853-859. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.13393
Gill, J., & Moore, M. J. (2013). The State of aging & health in America 2013.
Gitlin, L. N. (1995). Why older people accept or reject assistive technology. Generations: Journal of the American Society on Aging, 19(1), 41-46. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44877289
Gitlin, L. N., Schemm, R. L., Landsberg, L., & Burgh, D. (1996). Factors predicting assistive device use in the home by older people following rehabilitation. J Aging Health, 8(4), 554-575. https://doi.org/10.1177/089826439600800405
Golden, J., Conroy, R. M., Bruce, I., Denihan, A., Greene, E., Kirby, M., & Lawlor, B. A. (2009). Loneliness, social support networks, mood and wellbeing in community-dwelling elderly [Article]. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24(7), 694-700. https://doi.org/10.1002/gps.2181
Goldstein, J. H., Cajko, L., Oosterbroek, M., Michielsen, M., van Houten, O., & Salverda, F. (1997). Video games and the elderly. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 25(4), 345-352. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1997.25.4.345
Gramstad, A., Storli, S. L., & Hamran, T. (2014). Older individuals' experiences during the assistive technology device service delivery process. Scand J Occup Ther, 21(4), 305-312. https://doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2013.877070
Gregor, P., Newell, A., & Zajicek, M. (2002). Designing for dynamic diversity: Interfaces for older people. https://doi.org/10.1145/638249.638277
Guimarães, V., Oliveira, E., Carvalho, A., Cardoso, N., Emerich, J., Dumoulin, C., Swinnen, N., De Jong, J., & de Bruin, E. D. (2021). An Exergame Solution for Personalized Multicomponent Training in Older Adults. Applied Sciences, 11(17), 7986. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/17/7986
Hesse, B. W., Nelson, D. E., Kreps, G. L., Croyle, R. T., Arora, N. K., Rimer, B. K., & Viswanath, K. (2005). Trust and Sources of Health Information: The Impact of the Internet and Its Implications for Health Care Providers: Findings From the First Health Information National Trends Survey. Archives of Internal Medicine, 165(22), 2618-2624. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.22.2618
Hoenig, H., Morgan, M., Montgomery, C., Landerman, L. R., & Caves, K. (2015). One size does not fit all—Mobility device type affects speed, collisions, fatigue, and pain. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 96(3), 489-497.
Hudson, J., Ungar, R., Albright, L., Tkatch, R., Schaeffer, J., & Wicker, E. R. (2020). Robotic Pet Use Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 75(9), 2018-2028. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa119
Hummon, N. P., & Dereian, P. (1989). Connectivity in a citation network: The development of DNA theory. Social Networks, 11(1), 39-63. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8733(89)90017-8
Ishigami, Y., Jutai, J., & Kirkland, S. (2021). Assistive Device Use among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Profile of Canadians Using Hearing, Vision, and Mobility Devices in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Can J Aging, 40(1), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0714980819000692
Jaffe, A., & De Rassenfosse, G. (2017). Patent citation data in social science research: Overview and best practices. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 68. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23731
Jahouh, M., González-Bernal, J. J., González-Santos, J., Fernández-Lázaro, D., Soto-Cámara, R., & Mielgo-Ayuso, J. (2021). Impact of an Intervention with Wii Video Games on the Autonomy of Activities of Daily Living and Psychological-Cognitive Components in the Institutionalized Elderly. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041570
Jay, G. M., & Willis, S. L. (1992). Influence of direct computer experience on older adults' attitudes toward computers. J Gerontol, 47(4), P250-257. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/47.4.p250
König, R., Seifert, A., & Doh, M. (2018). Internet use among older Europeans: an analysis based on SHARE data. Universal Access in the Information Society, 17(3), 621-633. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-018-0609-5
Kelley, C. L., & Charness, N. (1995). Issues in training older adults to use computers. Behaviour & Information Technology, 14(2), 107-120. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449299508914630
Kelly, M. E., Loughrey, D., Lawlor, B. A., Robertson, I. H., Walsh, C., & Brennan, S. (2014). The impact of cognitive training and mental stimulation on cognitive and everyday functioning of healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev, 15, 28-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2014.02.004
Kempen, G. I., Ormel, J., Brilman, E. I., & Relyveld, J. (1997). Adaptive responses among Dutch elderly: the impact of eight chronic medical conditions on health-related quality of life. Am J Public Health, 87(1), 38-44. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.87.1.38
Kim, G. H., Jeon, S., Im, K., Kwon, H., Lee, B. H., Kim, G. Y., Jeong, H., Han, N. E., Seo, S. W., & Cho, H. (2015). Structural brain changes after traditional and robot-assisted multi-domain cognitive training in community-dwelling healthy elderly. PLoS One, 10(4), e0123251.
Kishimoto, M. (2022). 'Digital seniors' emerge in Asia amid pandemic, Euromonitor says. https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Digital-seniors-emerge-in-Asia-amid-pandemic-Euromonitor-says
Koh, W. Q., Felding, S. A., Budak, K. B., Toomey, E., & Casey, D. (2021). Barriers and facilitators to the implementation of social robots for older adults and people with dementia: a scoping review. BMC Geriatrics, 21(1), 351. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02277-9
Kohlbacher, F., Herstatt, C., & Schweisfurth, T. (2011). Product Development for the Silver Market. tThe Silver Market Phenomenon (Second Edition): Marketing and Innovation in the Aging Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14338-0_1
Kojima, G., Iliffe, S., Jivraj, S., & Walters, K. (2016). Association between frailty and quality of life among community-dwelling older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health, 70(7), 716-721. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2015-206717
Kueider, A. M., Parisi, J. M., Gross, A. L., & Rebok, G. W. (2012). Computerized cognitive training with older adults: a systematic review. PLoS One, 7(7), e40588. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040588
Lampit, A., Hallock, H., & Valenzuela, M. (2014). Computerized cognitive training in cognitively healthy older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of effect modifiers. PLoS Med, 11(11), e1001756. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001756
Lara, E., Martín-María, N., Forsman, A., cresswell-smith, J., Donisi, V., Ådnanes, M., Kaasbøll, J., Melby, L., Nordmyr, J., Nyholm, L., Rabbi, L., Amaddeo, F., & Miret, M. (2020). Understanding the Multi-Dimensional Mental Well-Being in Late Life: Evidence from the Perspective of the Oldest Old Population. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-019-00090-1
Larsen, S. M., Mortensen, R. F., Kristensen, H. K., & Hounsgaard, L. (2019). Older adults' perspectives on the process of becoming users of assistive technology: a qualitative systematic review and meta-synthesis. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol, 14(2), 182-193. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2018.1463403
Lazzaro, N. (2004). Why we play games: Four keys to more emotion without story. Game Developers Conference,
Lee, C., & Coughlin, J. F. (2015). Perspective : Older Adults' Adoption of Technology: An Integrated Approach to Identifying Determinants and Barriers. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 32(5), 747-759. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/jpim.12176
Lee, C. C., Czaja, S. J., Moxley, J. H., Sharit, J., Boot, W. R., Charness, N., & Rogers, W. A. (2018). Attitudes Toward Computers Across Adulthood From 1994 to 2013. The gerontologist, 59(1), 22-33. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny081
Li, J., Theng, Y. L., & Foo, S. (2020). Play Mode Effect of Exergames on Subthreshold Depression Older Adults: A Randomized Pilot Trial. Front Psychol, 11, 552416. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.552416
Lin, C. C., Li, C. I., Chang, C. K., Liu, C. S., Lin, C. H., Meng, N. H., Lee, Y. D., Chen, F. N., & Li, T. C. (2011). Reduced health-related quality of life in elders with frailty: a cross-sectional study of community-dwelling elders in Taiwan. PLoS One, 6(7), e21841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021841
Liu, J. S., Lu, L. Y., & Ho, M. H.-C. (2019). A few notes on main path analysis. Scientometrics, 119(1), 379-391.
Liu, J. S., & Lu, L. Y. Y. (2012). An integrated approach for main path analysis: Development of the Hirsch index as an example. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 63(3), 528-542. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21692
Liu, P., Zhang, Y., Li, Y., Li, S., Li, Y., Chen, Y., Zhao, O., Song, Y., Li, B., Ji, T., Pan, Y., & Ma, L. (2021). Association of frailty with quality of life in older hypertensive adults: a cross-sectional study. Qual Life Res, 30(8), 2245-2253. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-021-02816-2
Łukasik, S., Tobis, S., Suwalska, J., Łojko, D., Napierała, M., Proch, M., Neumann-Podczaska, A., & Suwalska, A. (2021). The Role of Socially Assistive Robots in the Care of Older People: To Assist in Cognitive Training, to Remind or to Accompany? Sustainability, 13(18), 10394. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/18/10394
Maillot, P., Perrot, A., & Hartley, A. (2011). Effects of Interactive Physical-Activity Video-Game Training on Physical and Cognitive Function in Older Adults. Psychology and aging, 27, 589-600. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026268
Mann, W. C., Hurren, D., & Tomita, M. (1993). Comparison of assistive device use and needs of home-based older persons with different impairments. Am J Occup Ther, 47(11), 980-987. https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.47.11.980
Mann, W. C., Hurren, D., Tomita, M., & Charvat, B. A. (1995). The Relationship of Functional Independence to Assistive Device Use of Elderly Persons Living at Home. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 14(2), 225-247. https://doi.org/10.1177/073346489501400206
Mann, W. C., Karuza, J., Hurren, M. D., & Tomita, M. (1993). Needs of home-based older persons for assistive devices. Technology and Disability, 2(1), 1-11.
Mann, W. C., Ottenbacher, K. J., Fraas, L., Tomita, M., & Granger, C. V. (1999). Effectiveness of assistive technology and environmental interventions in maintaining independence and reducing home care costs for the frail elderly. A randomized controlled trial. Arch Fam Med, 8(3), 210-217. https://doi.org/10.1001/archfami.8.3.210
Marston, H. R., & Samuels, J. (2019). A Review of Age Friendly Virtual Assistive Technologies and their Effect on Daily Living for Carers and Dependent Adults. Healthcare (Basel), 7(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7010049
Marston, H. R., Shore, L., & White, P. J. (2020). How does a (Smart) Age-Friendly Ecosystem Look in a Post-Pandemic Society? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(21), 8276. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/21/8276
Marston, H. R., & van Hoof, J. (2019). "Who Doesn't Think about Technology When Designing Urban Environments for Older People?" A Case Study Approach to a Proposed Extension of the WHO's Age-Friendly Cities Model. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 16(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193525
Martinson, M., & Berridge, C. (2015). Successful aging and its discontents: a systematic review of the social gerontology literature. Gerontologist, 55(1), 58-69. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu037
Mayhorn, C. B., Stronge, A. J., McLaughlin, A. C., & Rogers, W. A. (2004). Older adults, computer training, and the systems approach: A formula for success. Educational Gerontology, 30(3), 185-203. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270490272124
McAuley, E., Blissmer, S., Marquez, D. X., Jerome, G. J., Kramer, A. F., & Katula, J. (2000). Social relations, physical activity, and well-being in older adults [Article]. Preventive Medicine, 31(5), 608-617. https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.2000.0740
McMurray, J., Strudwick, G., Forchuk, C., Morse, A., Lachance, J., Baskaran, A., Allison, L., & Booth, R. (2017). The Importance of Trust in the Adoption and Use of Intelligent Assistive Technology by Older Adults to Support Aging in Place: Scoping Review Protocol. JMIR Res Protoc, 6(11), e218. https://doi.org/10.2196/resprot.8772
Meredith, J. R., & Camm, J. D. (1989). Modeling Synergy and Learning under Multiple Advanced Manufacturing Technologies. Decision Sciences, 20, 258-271.
Morato, J., Sanchez-Cuadrado, S., Iglesias, A., Campillo, A., & Fernández-Panadero, C. (2021). Sustainable Technologies for Older Adults. Sustainability, 13(15), 8465. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/15/8465
Morrell, R. W., Mayhorn, C. B., & Bennett, J. (2000). A survey of World Wide Web use in middle-aged and older adults. Hum Factors, 42(2), 175-182. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872000779656444
Mueller, F., Agamanolis, S., & Picard, R. (2003). Exertion interfaces: sports over a distance for social bonding and fun. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems,
Mulasso, A., Roppolo, M., & Rabaglietti, E. (2014). The role of individual characteristics and physical frailty on health related quality of life (HRQOL): a cross sectional study of Italian community-dwelling older adults. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 59(3), 542-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2014.08.012
Mynatt, E. D., Melenhorst, A. S., Fisk, A. D., & Rogers, W. A. (2004). Aware technologies for aging in place: understanding user needs and attitudes. IEEE Pervasive Computing, 3(2), 36-41. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2004.1316816
Nahm, E. S., & Resnick, B. (2001). Homebound older adults' experiences with the Internet and e-mail. Comput Nurs, 19(6), 257-263.

Newman, M., & Girvan, M. (2004). Finding and Evaluating Community Structure in Networks. Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics, 69, 026113. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.69.026113
Niemelä-Nyrhinen, J. (2007). Baby boom consumers and technology: Shooting down stereotypes. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 24, 305-312. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760710773120
Olphert, C. W., Damodaran, L., & May, A. J. (2005). Towards digital inclusion - engaging older people in the 'digital world' Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Accessible Design in the Digital World, Dundee, Scotland.
Paúl, C., Ribeiro, O., & Teixeira, L. (2012). Active Ageing: An Empirical Approach to the WHO Model. Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research, 2012, 382972. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/382972
Peel, N. M., McClure, R. J., & Bartlett, H. P. (2005). Behavioral determinants of healthy aging. Am J Prev Med, 28(3), 298-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2004.12.002
Phelan, E. A., Anderson, L. A., LaCroix, A. Z., & Larson, E. B. (2004). Older adults' views of "successful aging"--how do they compare with researchers' definitions? J Am Geriatr Soc, 52(2), 211-216. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52056.x
Phillips, A. (2021). A history and timeline of big data. WhatIs.com. https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/feature/A-history-and-timeline-of-big-data
Piau, A., Campo, E., Rumeau, P., Vellas, B., & Nourhashémi, F. (2014). Aging society and gerontechnology: a solution for an independent living? J Nutr Health Aging, 18(1), 97-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-013-0356-5
Picavet, H. S., & Hoeymans, N. (2002). Physical disability in The Netherlands: prevalence, risk groups and time trends. Public Health, 116(4), 231-237. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ph.1900864
Pichierri, G., Murer, K., & de Bruin, E. D. (2012). A cognitive-motor intervention using a dance video game to enhance foot placement accuracy and gait under dual task conditions in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Geriatrics, 12(1), 74. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-12-74
Pino, M., Boulay, M., Jouen, F., & Rigaud, A. S. (2015). "Are we ready for robots that care for us?" Attitudes and opinions of older adults toward socially assistive robots. Front Aging Neurosci, 7, 141. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2015.00141
Pitarque, A., Meléndez, J. C., Sales, A., Mayordomo, T., Satorres, E., Escudero, J., & Algarabel, S. (2016). The effects of healthy aging, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease on recollection, familiarity and false recognition, estimated by an associative process-dissociation recognition procedure. Neuropsychologia, 91, 29-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2016.07.010
Pressler, K. A., & Ferraro, K. F. (2010). Assistive device use as a dynamic acquisition process in later life. Gerontologist, 50(3), 371-381. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnp170
Pressler, K. A., & Ferraro, K. F. (2010). Assistive Device Use as a Dynamic Acquisition Process in Later Life. The gerontologist, 50(3), 371-381. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnp170
Pu, L., Moyle, W., Jones, C., & Todorovic, M. (2019). The Effectiveness of Social Robots for Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies. Gerontologist, 59(1), e37-e51. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gny046
Quan-Haase, A., Martin, K., & Schreurs, K. (2016). Interviews with digital seniors: ICT use in the context of everyday life. Information, Communication & Society, 19(5), 691-707. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2016.1140217
Quan-Haase, A., Mo, G. Y., & Wellman, B. (2017). Connected seniors: how older adults in East York exchange social support online and offline. Information, Communication & Society, 20(7), 967-983. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2017.1305428
Rahe, J., Petrelli, A., Kaesberg, S., Fink, G. R., Kessler, J., & Kalbe, E. (2015). Effects of cognitive training with additional physical activity compared to pure cognitive training in healthy older adults. Clin Interv Aging, 10, 297-310. https://doi.org/10.2147/cia.S74071
Raz, N., Lindenberger, U., Rodrigue, K. M., Kennedy, K. M., Head, D., Williamson, A., Dahle, C., Gerstorf, D., & Acker, J. D. (2005). Regional Brain Changes in Aging Healthy Adults: General Trends, Individual Differences and Modifiers. Cerebral Cortex, 15(11), 1676-1689. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhi044
Rebok, G. W., Carlson, M. C., & Langbaum, J. B. (2007). Training and maintaining memory abilities in healthy older adults: traditional and novel approaches. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 62 Spec No 1, 53-61. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/62.special_issue_1.53
Reijnders, J., van Heugten, C., & van Boxtel, M. (2013). Cognitive interventions in healthy older adults and people with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. Ageing Res Rev, 12(1), 263-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2012.07.003
Rivadeneira, M. F., Mendieta, M. J., Villavicencio, J., Caicedo-Gallardo, J., & Buendía, P. (2021). A multidimensional model of healthy ageing: proposal and evaluation of determinants based on a population survey in Ecuador. BMC Geriatrics, 21(1), 615. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02548-5
Robinson, H., MacDonald, B., & Broadbent, E. (2014). The Role of Healthcare Robots for Older People at Home: A Review. International Journal of Social Robotics, 6(4), 575-591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12369-014-0242-2
Robinson, P. K., Livingston, J., Birren, J. E., Regnier, V. A., Small, A. M., & Sterns, H. L. (1982). Aging and Technological Advances.
Rodríguez, A. B., Ramirez, A. R. G., De Pieri, E. R., Lopez, A. L., & de Albornoz, A. D. C. (2012). An approach for robot-based odor navigation. Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering, 32(6), 453-456.
Rogers, W. A., & Fisk, A. D. (2010). Toward a Psychological Science of Advanced Technology Design for Older Adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 65B(6), 645-653. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbq065
Romo, R. D., Wallhagen, M. I., Yourman, L., Yeung, C. C., Eng, C., Micco, G., Pérez-Stable, E. J., & Smith, A. K. (2013). Perceptions of successful aging among diverse elders with late-life disability. Gerontologist, 53(6), 939-949. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gns160
Rosenberg, D., Depp, C. A., Vahia, I. V., Reichstadt, J., Palmer, B. W., Kerr, J., Norman, G., & Jeste, D. V. (2010). Exergames for subsyndromal depression in older adults: a pilot study of a novel intervention. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 18(3), 221-226. https://doi.org/10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181c534b5
Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1987). Human aging: usual and successful. Science, 237(4811), 143-149.
Rowe, J. W., & Kahn, R. L. (1997). Successful aging. The gerontologist, 37(4), 433-440.
Rupp, S. (2021). Age-Tech Market 2021: Perspectives and Expectations. Electronic Health Reporter. https://electronichealthreporter.com/age-tech-market-2021-perspectives-and-expectations/
Sapci, A. H., & Sapci, H. A. (2019). Innovative Assisted Living Tools, Remote Monitoring Technologies, Artificial Intelligence-Driven Solutions, and Robotic Systems for Aging Societies: Systematic Review. JMIR Aging, 2(2), e15429. https://doi.org/10.2196/15429
Schieber, F., Fozard, J. L., Gordon-Salant, S., & Weiffenbach, J. M. (1991). Optimizing sensation and perception in older adults. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 7(2), 133-162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-8141(91)90044-M
Schlomann, A., Seifert, A., Zank, S., & Rietz, C. (2020). Assistive Technology and Mobile ICT Usage Among Oldest-Old Cohorts: Comparison of the Oldest-Old in Private Homes and in Long-Term Care Facilities. Res Aging, 42(5-6), 163-173. https://doi.org/10.1177/0164027520911286
Schoene, D., Lord, S. R., Delbaere, K., Severino, C., Davies, T. A., & Smith, S. T. (2013). A randomized controlled pilot study of home-based step training in older people using videogame technology. PLoS One, 8(3), e57734. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057734
Schoene, D., Lord, S. R., Verhoef, P., & Smith, S. T. (2011). A novel video game--based device for measuring stepping performance and fall risk in older people. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 92(6), 947-953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2011.01.012
Schulz, R., Wahl, H. W., Matthews, J. T., De Vito Dabbs, A., Beach, S. R., & Czaja, S. J. (2015). Advancing the Aging and Technology Agenda in Gerontology. Gerontologist, 55(5), 724-734. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnu071
Seifert, A., Cotten, S. R., & Xie, B. (2021). A Double Burden of Exclusion? Digital and Social Exclusion of Older Adults in Times of COVID-19. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci, 76(3), e99-e103. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbaa098
Seifert, A., Doh, M., & Wahl, H.-W. (2017). They also do it: Internet use by older adults living in residential care facilities. Educational Gerontology, 43(9), 451-461. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2017.1326224
Seifert, A., Hofer, M., & Rössel, J. (2018). Older adults’ perceived sense of social exclusion from the digital world. Educational Gerontology, 44(12), 775-785. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2019.1574415
Seifert, A., & Schelling, H. R. (2018). Seniors Online: Attitudes Toward the Internet and Coping With Everyday Life. J Appl Gerontol, 37(1), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464816669805
Shapira, N., Barak, A., & Gal, I. (2007a). Promoting older adults' well-being through Internet training and use. Aging Ment Health, 11(5), 477-484. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860601086546
Shapira, N., Barak, A., & Gal, I. (2007b). Promoting older adults' well-being through Internet training and use [Article]. Aging & Mental Health, 11(5), 477-484. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607860601086546
Sharkey, A., & Sharkey, N. (2012). Granny and the robots: ethical issues in robot care for the elderly. Ethics and Information Technology, 14(1), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10676-010-9234-6
Shibata, T., & Wada, K. (2011). Robot therapy: a new approach for mental healthcare of the elderly - a mini-review. Gerontology, 57(4), 378-386. https://doi.org/10.1159/000319015
Shrivastava, S. R., Shrivastava, P. S., & Ramasamy, J. (2013). Health-care of Elderly: Determinants, Needs and Services. Int J Prev Med, 4(10), 1224-1225.
Silverstein, M., Cong, Z., & Li, S. Z. (2006). Intergenerational transfers and living arrangements of older people in rural China: Consequences for psychological well-being [Article]. Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 61(5), S256-S266. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/61.5.S256
Skjæret, N., Nawaz, A., Morat, T., Schoene, D., Helbostad, J. L., & Vereijken, B. (2016). Exercise and rehabilitation delivered through exergames in older adults: An integrative review of technologies, safety and efficacy. Int J Med Inform, 85(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2015.10.008
Skymne, C., Dahlin-Ivanoff, S., Claesson, L., & Eklund, K. (2012). Getting used to assistive devices: ambivalent experiences by frail elderly persons. Scand J Occup Ther, 19(2), 194-203. https://doi.org/10.3109/11038128.2011.569757
Soar, J. (2010). The potential of information and communication technologies to support ageing and independent living. annals of telecommunications - annales des télécommunications, 65(9), 479-483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-010-0167-1
Soar, J., Yu, L., & Al-Hakim, L. (2020). Older people’s needs and opportunities for assistive technologies. International Conference on Smart Homes and Health Telematics,
Solomon, R., Kirwin, P., Van Ness, P. H., O'Leary, J., & Fried, T. R. (2010). Trajectories of quality of life in older persons with advanced illness. J Am Geriatr Soc, 58(5), 837-843. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02817.x
Staiano, A. E., & Calvert, S. L. (2011). Exergames for physical education courses: Physical, social, and cognitive benefits. Child development perspectives, 5(2), 93-98.
Staufer, M. (1992). Technological change and the older employee: implications for introduction and training. Behaviour & Information Technology, 11(1), 46-52. https://doi.org/10.1080/01449299208924318
Steele, R., Lo, A., Secombe, C., & Wong, Y. K. (2009). Elderly persons' perception and acceptance of using wireless sensor networks to assist healthcare. Int J Med Inform, 78(12), 788-801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2009.08.001
Steels, S. (2015). Key characteristics of age-friendly cities and communities: A review. Cities, 47, 45-52. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2015.02.004
Suleiman-Martos, N., García-Lara, R., Albendín-García, L., Romero-Béjar, J. L., Cañadas-De La Fuente, G. A., Monsalve-Reyes, C., & Gomez-Urquiza, J. L. (2022). Effects of active video games on physical function in independent community-dwelling older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adv Nurs, 78(5), 1228-1244. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.15138
Tamura, T., Yonemitsu, S., Itoh, A., Oikawa, D., Kawakami, A., Higashi, Y., Fujimooto, T., & Nakajima, K. (2004). Is an entertainment robot useful in the care of elderly people with severe dementia? J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 59(1), 83-85. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/59.1.m83
Time. (2020a). The Robot Suit. https://time.com/collection-post/5911405/sarcos-robotics-guardian-xo/
Time. (2020b). Rowing with a Router.
Tomita, M. R., Mann, W. C., Fraas, L. F., & Stanton, K. M. (2004). Predictors of the Use of Assistive Devices that Address Physical Impairments Among Community-Based Frail Elders. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 23(2), 141-155. https://doi.org/10.1177/0733464804265606
Tomoya, A., Nakayama, S., Hoshina, A., & Sugaya, M. (2017). A Mobile Robot for Following, Watching and Detecting Falls for Elderly Care. Procedia Computer Science, 112, 1994-2003. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.08.125
United Nations. (2017). World population ageing: 2017 highlights. UN.
United Nations. (2019). World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights In: United Nations.
United Nations. (2020). World Population Prospects 2019 - Volume II: Demographic Profiles. United Nations. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18356/7707d011-en
Valentí Soler, M., Agüera-Ortiz, L., Olazarán Rodríguez, J., Mendoza Rebolledo, C., Pérez Muñoz, A., Rodríguez Pérez, I., Osa Ruiz, E., Barrios Sánchez, A., Herrero Cano, V., Carrasco Chillón, L., Felipe Ruiz, S., López Alvarez, J., León Salas, B., Cañas Plaza, J. M., Martín Rico, F., Abella Dago, G., & Martínez Martín, P. (2015). Social robots in advanced dementia. Front Aging Neurosci, 7, 133. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2015.00133
van Hoof, J., Dikken, J., Buttiġieġ, S. C., van den Hoven, R. F. M., Kroon, E., & Marston, H. R. (2020). Age-friendly cities in the Netherlands: An explorative study of facilitators and hindrances in the built environment and ageism in design. Indoor and Built Environment, 29(3), 417-437. https://doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19857216
van Hoof, J., van den Hoven, R. F. M., Hess, M., van Staalduinen, W. H., Hulsebosch-Janssen, L. M. T., & Dikken, J. (2022). How older people experience the age-friendliness of The Hague: A quantitative study. Cities, 124, 103568. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2022.103568
Vandemeulebroucke, T., de Casterlé, B. D., & Gastmans, C. (2018). How do older adults experience and perceive socially assistive robots in aged care: a systematic review of qualitative evidence. Aging Ment Health, 22(2), 149-167. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2017.1286455
Vaportzis, E., Clausen, M. G., & Gow, A. J. (2017). Older Adults Perceptions of Technology and Barriers to Interacting with Tablet Computers: A Focus Group Study. Front Psychol, 8, 1687. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01687
Vázquez, F. L., Otero, P., García-Casal, J. A., Blanco, V., Torres Á, J., & Arrojo, M. (2018). Efficacy of video game-based interventions for active aging. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 13(12), e0208192. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208192
Vogan, A. A., Alnajjar, F., Gochoo, M., & Khalid, S. (2020). Robots, AI, and Cognitive Training in an Era of Mass Age-Related Cognitive Decline: A Systematic Review. IEEE Access, 8, 18284-18304. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2966819
Vroman, K. G., Arthanat, S., & Lysack, C. (2015). “Who over 65 is online?” Older adults’ dispositions toward information communication technology. Computers in Human Behavior, 43, 156-166. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.10.018
Wang, J. (2018). Mobile and connected health technologies for older adults aging in place. In (Vol. 44, pp. 3-5): Slack Incorporated Thorofare, NJ.
Wasserman, S., & Faust, K. (1994). Social network analysis: Methods and applications.
White, H., McConnell, E., Clipp, E., Bynum, L., Teague, C., Navas, L., Craven, S., & Halbrecht, H. (1999). Surfing the Net in Later Life: A Review of the Literature and Pilot Study of Computer Use and Quality of Life. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 18(3), 358-378. https://doi.org/10.1177/073346489901800306
Wilhelmson, K., Andersson, C., Waern, M., & Allebeck, P. (2005). Elderly people's perspectives on quality of life. Ageing and Society, 25(4), 585-600. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0144686X05003454
Woods, T. (2019). 'Age-Tech': The Next Frontier Market For Technology Disruption. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/tinawoods/2019/02/01/age-tech-the-next-frontier-market-for-technology-disruption/?sh=4ecb973f6c84
World Economic Forum. (2015). How 21st-Century Longevity Can Create Markets and Drive Economic Growth (Global Agenda, Issue. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GAC_Ageing_White_Paper.pdf
World Health Organization. (2002). Active Ageing: A Policy Framework.
World Health Organization. (2007). Global age-friendly cities: a guide. In. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2015). World report on ageing and health. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/186463
World Health Organization. (2020a). Decade of healthy ageing: baseline report.
World Health Organization. (2020b). Healthy ageing and functional ability. World Health Organization,,. https://www.who.int/philippines/news/q-a-detail/healthy-ageing-and-functional-ability
Xie, B. (2007). Information Technology Education for Older Adults as a Continuing Peer-Learning Process: A Chinese Case Study. Educational Gerontology, 33(5), 429-450. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270701252872
Xie, B. (2011). Effects of an eHealth literacy intervention for older adults. J Med Internet Res, 13(4), e90. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1880
Xie, B. (2011a). Experimenting on the impact of learning methods and information presentation channels on older adults' e-health literacy. J. Am. Soc. Inf. Sci. Technol., 62(9), 1797–1807. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21575
Xie, B. (2011b). Older Adults, e-Health Literacy, and Collaborative Learning: An Experimental Study. JASIST, 62, 933-946. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.21507
Xie, B., & Bugg, J. M. (2009). Public library computer training for older adults to access high-quality Internet health information. Libr Inf Sci Res, 31(3), 155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lisr.2009.03.004
Yusif, S., Soar, J., & Hafeez-Baig, A. (2016). Older people, assistive technologies, and the barriers to adoption: A systematic review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 94, 112-116. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2016.07.004
Zedda, E. (2021). Robot personality for cognitive training.
Zhu, X., Yin, S., Lang, M., He, R., & Li, J. (2016). The more the better? A meta-analysis on effects of combined cognitive and physical intervention on cognition in healthy older adults. Ageing Res Rev, 31, 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2016.07.003
早安健康雜誌. (2021). 外骨骼機器人幫助中風患者恢復生活品質，勇敢迎向未來！. 早安健康雜誌. https://www.edh.tw/article/28877
吳昌政, 林玗錚, & 孫子傑. (2013). 老人關懷零距離--社區/居家遠距照護之發展及應用探討. 台灣老年學論壇,(17), 1-13.
阿里哥. (2017). 【機器人講堂】機器人好多種，該怎麼分類呢？. MakerPRO科技創新實作社群媒體. https://makerpro.cc/2017/11/how-to-classify-robots/
國家發展委員會. (2013). 全球人口老化之現況與趨勢. 台灣經濟論衡, 11(全球人口老化之現況與趨勢).
許哲瀚, & 唐憶淨. (2008). 遠距居家照護的現況與未來. 台灣老年醫學暨老年學雜誌, 3(4), 272-285.
溫芳宜. (2018). 中國大陸因應人口高齡化發展之策略及政策研析. 經濟前瞻(177), 59-64.
維基百科. (2021). 資訊時代. 維基百科，自由的百科全書. https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%97%B6%E4%BB%A3
劉嘉韻. (2018). 僅6.8公斤智慧輔具 機器人當你的另一雙腳. 聯合新聞網. https://health.udn.com/health/story/5967/3018160