在這項工作中，使用廢棄綠茶通過水熱法合成了錳摻雜的碳量子點（Mn-CQDs）。引入Mn2+摻雜劑以賦予磁共振能力。在優化實驗條件後，具有磁性之熒光Mn-CQD表現出與激發有關的藍色發射。 Mn-CQD上的豐富官能團不僅可以促進水溶性，還可以直接用胺基進行官能化。然後將胺尾端的Mn-CQDs與葉酸（FA）和二氫卟酚e6（Ce6）偶聯，以獲得Mn-CQDs@FA/ Ce6具有磁性熒光光動力療法（PDT）藥劑。使用三種不同細胞的體外研究表明，Mn-CQDs@FA/ Ce6可以特異性靶向過度表達的葉酸受體人類上皮癌細胞系（HeLa）癌細胞。此外，Mn-CQDs@FA/ Ce6增強了r2 / r1比為5.77的磁共振成像（MRI）信號。有利地，通過共聚焦顯微鏡證實，通過使用Mn-CQDs@FA傳遞系統，活性Ce6可以到達細胞內部，同時可以保留其紅色熒光（FL）和活性氧種類的產生。體外細胞生存力研究證實了Mn-CQDs@FA/ Ce6納米雜化物的生物相容性，在高達500 ppm時無明顯毒性，而5分鐘照射（671 nm，1 W cm-2）的PDT處理可有效殺死90％以上的細胞。輕觸發的Mn-CQDs@FA/ Ce6多功能雜化物可以用作雙模式FL/ MRI探針，並且可以作為有效的PDT劑來遠程檢測和根除癌細胞。
對於第二項工作，我們展示了一種簡單快速的方法，該方法通過使用穀胱甘肽（GSH）作為穩定劑輔助的微波來開發具有ZnS鈍化層（MnCuInSe/ ZnS）的錳摻雜CuInSe量子點（QD）的水合成。 MnCuInSe/ ZnS核殼量子點結合了磁共振成像（MRI），依賴於激發的紅色發射和活性氧自由基生成功能，其中Mn2+摻雜劑的優化決定了主導功能。根據磁共振成像（MRI）信號，MnCuInSe/ ZnS的r2 / r1比值為9.99。這表明該量子點作為負和正對比劑的潛在能力。根據對Hela、B16和HepG2細胞給予MnCuInSe/ ZnS後的體外測試，它顯示出對這些細胞較低的細胞毒性。此外，量子點可以有效地產生單態氧用於癌症的光動力療法（PDT）。通過使用5分鐘激光照射（671 nm，1 W cm-2）檢查了PDT處理，也顯示出良好的遠程癌細胞治療效果。通過共聚焦顯微鏡檢查了體外熒光成像和量子點的細胞內在化。此外，MnCuInSe/ ZnS在不同的pH值下表現出高度的穩定性，適用於生物醫學應用。因此，這項研究代表了CQD的生物醫學用途，並提供了多用途的納米治療應用。

Quantum Dots are one of the initial nanotechnologies to be integrated with biological materials and powerfully apply in clinical products. They indicate particular luminescence features, high light stability, and broad absorption spectra. In this work, manganese-doped carbon quantum dots (Mn-CQDs) have been synthesized using waste green tea through a one-pot hydrothermal method. The Mn2+ dopants were introduced to impart magnetic resonance capability. Upon optimization of the experimental conditions, magnetofluorescent Mn-CQDs exhibit an excitation-dependent blue emission. The abundant functional groups on Mn-CQDs promote water solubility and allow straightforward functionalization with amine groups. The amine-terminated Mn-CQDs were then subsequently conjugated to folic acid (FA) and chlorin e6 (Ce6) to obtain the Mn-CQDs@FA/Ce6 magnetofluorescent photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent. In vitro studies using three different cells indicated specific targeting of Mn-CQDs@FA/Ce6 to the overexpressing folate receptor human epithelial carcinoma cell line (HeLa) cancer cells. Furthermore, Mn-CQDs@FA/Ce6 enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal with an r2/r1 ratio of 5.77. Favorably, by using the Mn-CQDs@FA delivery system, active Ce6 can reach the cellular interior while its red fluorescence (FL) and reactive oxygen species generation can be retained, as has been verified by confocal microscopy. In vitro cell viability studies verified the biocompatibility of Mn-CQDs@FA/Ce6 nanohybrid with no significant toxicity up to 500 ppm while PDT treatment with 5 min irradiation (671 nm, 1 W cm−2) was effective in killing >90% of cells. The light-triggered Mn-CQDs@FA/Ce6 multifunctional hybrid can serve as a dual-modal FL/MRI probe and as an efficient PDT agent to detect and eradicate cancer cells remotely.
In the second part of this thesis, we demonstrated manganese (Mn)-doped CuInSe quantum dots (QDs) with a ZnS passivation layer (MnCuInSe/ZnS) have been synthesized via a one-pot microwave-assisted hydrothermal reaction using glutathione (GSH) as a stabilizer. The MnCuInSe/ZnS core-shell QDs combines magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), excitation-dependent red emission, and reactive oxygen radical generation functions, in which regulation of Mn2+ incorporation leads to synergistic imaging and therapeutic modalities. The MnCuInSe/ZnS QDs exhibit high colloidal and photochemical stability in simulated media and at different pH values. An r2/r1 ratio of 9.99 was calculated from MRI studies suggesting their potential application as dual-modal imaging agents. Based on in vitro tests on Hela, B16, and HepG2 cell lines, it is apparent that MnCuInSe/ZnS QDs impose no significant cytotoxicity in the dark, while they can efficiently generate singlet oxygen radicals for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancers, killing more than 80% of B16 cells within 5 min of laser irradiation (671 nm, 1 W cm-2). Furthermore, in vitro fluorescence imaging and cellular internalization of QDs are examined to visualize cellular uptake and in situ ROS generation. Therefore, this research exemplifies a new set of multifunctional chalcogenide QDs for theranostic applications.

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