本文旨在實證探討台灣銀行業者的經營績效變異與來源。分析理論主要依據「資源基礎廠商理論(Resource-based View of the Firm)」與「策略群競爭理論 (Strategic Group Theory)」；實證統計模型採用HLM (Hierarchical Linear Modeling)模式。根據「股東權益報酬率」、「總資產報酬率」、「人均淨利」與「每股盈餘」4項績效指標的實證結果顯示，不論採用哪項績效指標，「年效果」對績效變異的解釋力皆最大，約占14~22%；「廠商效果」居次，約占11~21%；「策略群效果」最小，僅占4~11%。實證結果發現本研究期間台灣銀行業的績效深受總體環境因素的影響，因此建議業者未來在經營上首須重視總體環境的可能變化，包括金融監督管理制度、相關風險控管及經濟發展政策等；其次，也應根據自身能力特色與同一競爭群組的策略方向來研擬營運策略。而對數位金融時代的來臨，政府應積極找出因應發展策略，以提供台灣銀行業者更適當的發展環境。

This study investigates the performance differences among Banks in Taiwan. We use Resource-based View of the Firm and Strategic Group Theory as our theoretical background. For the statistical model, a hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) analysis was applied. Under all performance variables (including “ROE”, “ROA”, “Total earnings per bank staff” and EPS), Firm Effects were found to explain 11 to 21 percent of variance among bank performance in Taiwan. Strategic Group Effects accounted for 4 to 11 percent of performance differences. Year Effects were found to range from 14 to 22 percent influence. Our study testify that business performance outcomes of banks in Taiwan is by each of their strategies implemented and the effect of economic environment; therefore, we suggest when formulating managerial decisions, each bank should not only evaluate the resources and criteria they own but also consider the external environment such as macroeconomic oscillation, economic development policy and financial supervisory rules, and then build its competitive advantages in this industry, so that each can remain the competitiveness to survive.

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