在本論文中，利用小波轉換分析血液透析病患動靜脈廔管的血流聲信號，並且提供一個偵測廔管狹窄與否的演算法，統計分析病患得到一結論。首先利用定位平均濾波器處理信號中突破雜訊與雜訊的問題，再分析小波與血流信號轉換後的關係，進而發展一個判斷動靜脈廔管是否狹窄的方法。
在系統的實現上，以NiosⅡ嵌入式處理器作為系統的運算核心，配合SOPC概念為設計目的，將系統中的各元件整合於單一現場可程式邏輯閘陣列(FPGA)晶片中。最後對系統實驗的結果進行誤差的驗證。
我們的演算法判斷結果中，可以使Miss Fire機率在5%以內，Correct Detection機率大約74%是需要未來再改進的部分。

In this thesis, we analyzed the acoustic signal from the hemodialysis patient arteriovenous graft by using wavelet transform, and developed an algorithm for stenosis detection. First, we design an align-and-average scheme to suppress possible noises. Further analysis of the relationship between wavelet and acoustic signal, and developed an algorithm for stenosis detection form arteriovenous graft.
We design Our system by using SOPC technique,a NiosⅡ CPU is selected as the core of the system, and most of the supporting circuits can hence be squeezed in this FPGA chip. Finally, we test the experimental results of the validation error.
Using our new technique, the results can make Miss Fire probability of less than 5%. The Correct Detection rate is about 74%, unfortunately. This leaves room for future improvement, however.

[1] Shung, K. K., Principles of Medical Imaging , Academic Press, San Diego (1992).

[2] 葉偉成、葉守正編譯，醫用物理學，合記圖書出版社。

[3] 焦良偉，「以信號處理技術偵測血液透析患者廔管通路狹窄之研究」，碩士
論文，國立台灣科技大學，台北 (2009)。

[4] H. A. Mansy,S. J. Hoxie,N. H. Patel and R. H. Sandler, “Computerised analysis of
auscultatory sounds associated with vascular patency of haemodialysis access,”
Medical ＆ Biolofical Engineering ＆ Computing, Vol 43, pp. 56-62 (2005).

[5] L. R. Rabiner and R. W. Schafer, Digital Processing of Speech Recognition Signal,
Prentice Hall (1978).

[6] T. Sato,K. Tsuji,N. Kawashima,T. Agishi and H. Toma, “Evaluation of blood
access dysfunction based on a wavelet transform analysis of shunt murmurs,” The
Japanese Society for Artificial Organs, 9, pp. 97-104 (2006).

[7] C. Sidney Burrus, Ramesh A.Gopinath and Haitao Guo, Introduction to Wavelets
and Wavelet Transforms, Prentice Hall (1998).

[8] 張德豐，Matlab小波分析與工程應用，國防工業出版社，北京 (2008)。

[9] 高志、余嘯海，Matlab小波分析工具箱原理與應用，國防工業出版社，北京
(2004)。

[10] Albert Boggess and Francis J.Narcowich, A First Course in Wavelets with
Fourier Analysis, Prentice Hall (2001).

[11] Nikolay Atanasov and Taikang Ning, “Isolation of Systolic Heart Murmurs Using
Wavelet Transform and Energy Index,” IEEE Congress on Image and Signal
Processing, pp. 216-220 (2008).

[12] Terasic Technologies, “DE0_User_manual,” 2009.

[13] Altera,“Cyclone III Device Handbook, Volume 1,” October 2008.
[14] Altera,“Quartus II Handbook Version 9.1, Volume 4: SOPC Builder,” November
2009.

[15] Altera,“Embedded Design Handbook,” March 2010.

[16] Altera,“Nios II Processor Reference Handbook,” November 2009.

[17] Altera,“Quartus II Handbook Version 9.1, Volume 5: Embedded Peripherals,”
November 2009.

[18] Altera,“Nios II Software Developer’s Handbook,” November 2009.

[19] 陳彬常，「應用SOC技術於主動式噪音消除系統之設計與製作」，碩士論
文，國立台灣科技大學，台北 (2006)。

[20] 黃益賢，「以SoC為基礎之高雜訊心跳訊號偵測技術」，碩士論文，國立
台灣科技大學，台北 (2004)。

[21] 王剛、張瀲，基於FPGA的SOPC嵌入式系統設計與典型實例，電子工業出
版社，北京 (2009)。

[22] 林容益， FPGA數位IC及MCU/SOPC設計應用及實驗，全華圖書公司，
台北 (2007)。

[23] 張智星，MATLAB程式設計及應用，清蔚科技，台北 (2004)。

[24] 謝文豪，「利用頻寬偵測血液透析病患動靜脈廔管栓塞之技術研究」，碩士
論文，國立台灣科技大學，台北 (2008)。

[25] B Tovar-Corona and JN Torry, “Time-Frequency Representation of Systolic
Murmurs using Wavelets,” Computers in Cardiology, Vol 25,pp. 601-604
(1998).

[26] A Haghighi-Mood and J N Torry, “Time-Frequency Analysis of Systolic
Murmurs,”Computers in Cardiology, Vol 24, pp. 113-116 (1997).