工業界越來越多公司使用五軸加工機進行複雜零件之加工，其目的是為了讓加工品質更好，但是要使加工品質提昇，其刀具路徑的平順度是很重要的，因此本論文依照五軸工法的特性，將造型複雜零件的幾何區分為下列五種類型：凸島形、U形、凹圓形、孔形與圓環形，然後針對每一類型的幾何形狀，提出刀具軸向的設定原則與計算公式，以利提昇刀具路徑的平順度，其中刀具軸向的設定原則包括：From point, From line, Toward point及Toward line，而刀具軸向的計算公式是以刀軸偏移角度最小化為考量點，利用刀具與工件之間的相對位置進行數學計算，得到刀具旋轉偏擺旋轉中心點與偏擺旋轉軸的位置，使加工五種幾何形狀的刀具路徑能夠降低提刀次數與提昇平順度。除了提出刀具軸向的計算公式外，本研究並分別使用軟體自動計算刀具軸向的路徑與使用本論文方法所計算出的路徑，實際使用五軸工具機進行加工驗證，比對兩者的表面品質與過切的情況。

More and more companies in machining communities utilize five-axis machines to carry out material processing of complex components. The purpose of such machines is to ensure better processing quality. However, in order to enhance the processing quality, the smoothness of toolpath for five-axis machining is very important. Therefore, in accordance with the characteristics of five-axis toolpath strategies, this thesis has divided the geometry of typical to-be-machined parts into the following five types: convex shape, U-shape, concave shape, hole shape, and annular shape. Subsequently, for each type of the five geometric shapes, this study proposes the setting principles and calculation equations of tool-axis orientation in order to facilitate the upgrade of the smoothness of toolpath. In which, the setting principles of tool-axis orientation include: From point, From line, Toward point and Toward line; whereas the calculation equations of tool-axis orientation are based on the consideration of minimizing the angle of tool-axis orientation. The latter uses the relative position between the tool and the workpiece to perform mathematical calculations in order to obtain the locations for the pivot point and the pivot axis of tool-axis orientation, so that the toolpath for processing the five geometric shapes can reduce the number of retracts and improve the surface smoothness. In addition to proposing the calculation equations for tool-axis orientation, this study adopted software packages to automatically calculate the toolpath of five-axis machining and used the toolpath that is calculated by the method proposed in this thesis respectively; as well as actually utilizing a five-axis NC machine to conduct machining verifications to compare the surface quality and the overcuts scenarios of both approaches.

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