Bacteriorhodopsin (BR)是一種光驅動質子幫浦，受到光源刺激時會產生一系列的光循環反應，並造成PM膜內外的質子濃度梯度差。先前研究證實可將單層紫膜固定化在導電玻璃上，製作出PM生物光電感測晶片。最近研究發現PM生物光電感測晶片可用電化學阻抗頻譜法 (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS) 進行阻抗分析，發現在不同塗覆層會有阻抗值上的差異。
本論文針對先前製作的不同PM生物光電感測晶片進行阻抗分析，檢測的目標物有菌體、DNA序列、重組蛋白與小分子化合物等。研究中也用拉曼光譜 (Raman spectroscopy) 證明上述物質確實層層塗覆在單層紫膜晶片上。
阻抗分析結果發現，以阻抗值當檢測參數比原先以光電流值為參數的檢測方式更具便利性與較高的靈敏度。就層層塗覆的阻抗分析，當塗覆層為NHS-PEG2-NHS架橋、蛋白質和小分子化合物時，其阻抗值均會上升；然後當塗覆層為Sulfo-SIAB架橋以及DNA時，阻抗值反而會下降。
最後使用原子力顯微鏡 (atomic force microscope, AFM) 分析來觀察DNA，並證實DNA有確實接在單層膜PM晶片上。DNA塗覆對於阻抗值降低的原因，有待未來再進一步探討。

Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) is a protein acting as a light-driven proton pump. When illuminated, BR produces a series of photocycle reactions, resulting in a proton concentration gradient across the purple membrane (PM), where BR is located, and hence photocurrents. Previous studies demonstrated the immobilization of a PM-monolayer on a conductive glass and the application of this chip as the signal transducer of photoelectric biosensors for the detection of a variety of different targets. Recent studies revealed that these PM-based photoelectric sensing chips can also be analyzed with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, showing the changes in impedance during their layer-by-layer coating.
This thesis aims to comprehensively investigate the effect of material coating on the impedance of all kinds of PM-based photoelectric sensing chips. The chips are prepared with different linkers and coated with different recognition elements and targets that include bacteria, nucleic sequences, proteins, and small chemical molecules. The layer-by-layer coating of those different materials is all first confirmed with Raman spectroscopy analysis.
The results of impedance analyses suggest that impedance values are a better detection parameter than photocurrent ones regarding sensitivity. The impedance values increase with the coating of the NHS-PEG2-NHS crosslinkers, proteins, and small chemical molecules. On the contrary, the impedance values decrease while the sulfo-SIAB crosslinkers and nucleic sequences are coated. The coating of nucleic sequences on the PM-monolayer-coated chip is confirmed with the analysis by atomic force microscopy. The cause of nucleic sequences on the reduction in impedance values needs further investigation in the future.

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