本研究主要探討矽灰及細粒化飛灰二種奈米矽質材料對混凝土的影響性。飛灰細粒化係採用離心(渦錐)分選技術，使之接近奈米尺寸，渦錐分選上以礦漿濃度與噴流壓力為變數，利用粒徑分佈、中位徑(D50)以及產率分析，評估結果以礦漿濃度為10%和噴流壓力20psi有較佳渦錐分選效益，其D50較於原樣飛灰之D50降低61%。分選之溢流(細粒)飛灰與其他矽質微奈米材料(原樣飛灰、矽灰)，以黃氏富勒緻密配比設計法設計高性能混凝土，以探討添加矽質奈米材料對其工程性質之影響。結果顯示，添加細粒化飛灰之混凝土，其新拌、硬固及耐久性質皆優於添加原樣飛灰之混凝土；與添加矽灰之混凝土相比較，除抗壓強度之外，其他工程性質以添加細粒飛灰之混凝土優於添加矽灰之混凝土。電子顯微圖片顯示混凝土使用細粒之矽質微奈米材料，對粒料界面除有填塞效益外，並透過卜作嵐反應改善界面之缺陷。

The study is mainly to observe the effect of adding fine fly ash and silica fume on the performance of concrete. The fly ash grain is fined by employing hydrocyclone classification technology to approach micro-nano sized particle. The parameters for hydrocyclone classification are the concentration of fly ash pulp and the jet pressure, and the final process chosen is based on particle size distribution, mean diameter (D50), and the production rate. It indicates the one with 10% fly ash concentration and 20 psi jet pressure has the optimum performance of hydrocyclone classification. The D50 of fined fly ash reduced 61% as compared to that of raw fly ash. Overflow fly ash, fine fly ash, and siliceous micro-nano material (raw fly ash and silica fume) are used to design high performance concrete by Hwang-Fuller’s Densified mixture design algorithm and evaluated their effects on the performance of concrete. The results show that through the fresh, hardened and durability properties of concrete, the one with fine fly ash are superior to that with the raw fly ash. Besides compressive strength, the engineering properties of concrete with the addition of fine fly ash is superior to those with silica fume. The SEM micrograph indicates the addition of siliceous micro-nano size material does improve the interface transition zone through dense filled effect and the Pozzolanic reaction.

1. 張立德編著，「奈米材料」，五南圖書出版公司，2005年。
2. 陳峙江（指導教授：黃兆龍 博士），「煤灰純化技術及反應特性之探討」，國立台灣科技大學碩士論文，2007年。
3. 馬遠榮，「奈米科技」，商周出版，2002年。
4. 黃德歡，「改變世界的納米技術」，瀛舟出版社。2002。
5. 朱惠英，Ewan A. Byars，「超飛灰在混凝土中的用」，全建筑科核心期刊，第149期，第3期，第29~34，2002。
6. J. Pay, J. Monz, M.V. Borrachero and E. Peris-Mora, “Mechanical treatment of fly ashes. Part i: physico-chemical characterization of ground fly ashes”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.25, No.7, pp.1469-1479, Spain, 1995.
7. K. Kiattikomol, Chai Jaturapitakkul, Smith Songpiriyakij and S. Cutubtim, “A study of ground coarse fly ashes with different finenesses from various sources as pozzolanic materials”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.23, pp.335-343,Thailand,2001.
8. P. Chindaprasirt, C. Chotithanorm, H.T. Cao and V. Sirivivatnanon, “Influence of fly ash fineness on the chloride penetration of concrete”, Construction and Building Materials, Vol.21, pp.356-361, Thailand, 2007.
9. M. Cheriaf, J. Cavalcante Rocha and J. Pra, “Pozzolanic properties of pulverized coal combustion bottom ash”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.29, pp.1387-1391, Brazi1, 1999.
10. F. Blanco, M.P. Garcia, J. Ayala, G. Mayoral and M.A. Garcia, “The effect of mechanically and chemically activated fly ashes on mortar properties”, Fuel, Vol.85, pp.2018-2026, Spain, 2006.
11. M.R. Jones , A. McCarthy and A.P.P.G. Booth, “Characteristics of the ultrafine component of fly ash”, Fuel, Vol.85, pp.2250-2259, UK, 2006.
12. 莊家榮(高思懷指導)，「濕式研磨對MSWI飛灰特性影響之研究」，淡江大學碩士論文，2005年。
13. 許伯良(溫紹炳指導)，「飛灰中玻璃球之提選及其利用研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學資源管理研究所，民國八十二年。
14. M.M. Th. Eymael and H.A. W. Cornelissen, “Processed pulverized fuel ash for high-performance concrete”, Waste Management, Vol.6, No. 1-3, pp.237-242, The Netherlands, 1996.
15. ，明，「水力旋流器分离技」，化工，初版，北京，2003。
16. Malhotra and P.K. Mehta,“ High-Performance, High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete”, 2nd Ed., January 2005.
17. 陳惠鋒(林志棟指導)，「提高飛灰混凝土早期強度策略之研究」，碩士論文，國立中央大學土木工程系，民國八十三年。
18. K. Erdoğdu and P. Trker,“Effects of fly ash particle size on strength of Portland cement fly ash mortars”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol.28, No.9, pp.1217-1222, Turkey, 1998.
19. 黃兆龍編著，「高性能混凝土理論與實務」，詹氏書局，2003年
20. 黃兆龍編著，「簡編混凝土性質與行為」，詹氏書局，2005年
21. 黃兆龍編著，「卜作嵐混凝土使用手冊」，詹氏書局，2007年
22. F. P. Glasser and J. Marr, “ The effect of mineral additives on the composition of cement pore fluids”, Proceedings No. 35, The Chemistry and Chemically Related Properties of Cement, British Ceramic Soc., pp 419-429, 1984.
23. M. Regourd, “Condensed Silica Fume”, Ed. Aitcin P.C. Universite de Sherbrooke, Canada, pp 20-24, 1983.
24. D. Andrija, “ 8th International Congress on Chemistry of Cement”, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Volume 4, pp 279-285, 1986.
25. C. L. Page and O. Vennesland, “ Pore solution composition and chloride binding capacity of silica fume cement pastes”, Materials and Structures 16, pp 19-25, 1983.
26. D.G. Parker, “Alkali Aggregate Reactivity and Condensed Silica Fume”, Ref. No. SA 854/3C. Elkem Materials Ltd, 1986.
27. S. Dlamond, “8th International Congress on Chemistry of Cement”, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Vol 1, pp 122-147, 1986.
28. C. L. Page, “Influence of Microsilica on Compressive Strength of Concrete made from British Cement and Aggregates”, For Elkem Materials Ltd, 1983.
29. Y. L. Wong, L. Lam, C., S. Poon, F. P. Zhou, “Properties of fly ash-modified cement mortar-aggregate interfaces”, Cement and Concrete Ressearch 29, 1999.
30. A.Bentur, “Microstructure Interfacial Effects and Micromechanics ofCementitious Composites”,Advances InCementitious Material, Ceramic Transaction, Vol.16,1990.
31. Mehta,P.K.,”Concrete Structure, Properties and Materials”,民全書局，民國75年。
32. Mindess, S. and J.F. Young, “Concrete”, Prentice -Hall,Englewood Cliff, N.J., 1981.
33. T.T. C.Hsu and F.O.Slate , “Tensile Bond Between Aggregate andCement Paste or Mortar” ,J.Amer.Conc.Inst.Proc., Vol. 60, No.2 , 1963.
34. Yu.V.Zaitsev ,“Crack Propagation in a Composite Material ” ,Fracture Mechanics of Concrete , edited by F.H.Wittmann ,1983.
35. Bentur, A., “Microstructure , Interfacial Effects , and Micromechanics of Cementitions Composites ,” Advances In Cementitious Materials, Ceramic Transactions , v 16, pp. 523-549, 1990.
36. 葉叔通，「以理想級配曲縣估算粒料緻密混合比及飛灰水泥漿包裹厚度評估混凝土性質之探討」，國立台灣科技大學碩士論文，2005年。
37. Indrek Klaots, Robert H. Hurt and Eric M. Suuberg, “Size distribution of unburned carbon in coal fly ash and its implications”, Fuel, Vol.83, pp.223-230, USA, 2004.
38. Y. Soong, M.R. Schoffstall, M.L. Gray, J.P. Knoer, K.J. Champagne, R.J. Jones and D.J., “Dry beneficiation of high loss-o-ignition fly ash”, Separation and Purification Technology, Vol.26, pp.177-184, USA, 2002.
39. Zimbelmann, R., Stuttgart, O. and Germany, F. R., “A Contribution to The Problem of Cement-Aggregate Bond,” Cement and Concrete Research, v 15, n 5, pp. 801-808, 1985.
40. Feng, N. Q., Li, G. Z., Zang, X. W., “High-Strength and Flowing Concrete with a Zeolitic Mineral Admixture,” Cement, Concrete and Aggregates, v 12, n 2, pp. 61-69, 1990.