研究生: |
陳信儒 Hsin-ju Chen |
---|---|
論文名稱: |
以可程式化單一條紋反射法或結構光條紋投射法開發物體表面輪廓量測系統 Development of a Surface Profile Measurement System Using Programmable Fringe Reflection or Structured Fringes Projection Methods |
指導教授: |
修芳仲
Fang-jung Shiou |
口試委員: |
李吉群
Ji-chun Lee 唐永新 Yeong-shin Tarng 鍾承憲 Cheng-hsien Chung |
學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
系所名稱: |
工程學院 - 機械工程系 Department of Mechanical Engineering |
論文出版年: | 2008 |
畢業學年度: | 96 |
語文別: | 中文 |
論文頁數: | 112 |
中文關鍵詞: | 條紋反射法 、條紋投射法 、格雷碼 、相位移法 、表面粗糙度 |
外文關鍵詞: | Fringe reflection, Fringe projection, Gray code, Phase shifting method, Surface roughness |
相關次數: | 點閱:281 下載:21 |
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本研究目的為在一PC-based四軸機台上開發一可程式化條紋反射法或投射法表面輪廓量測系統,量測系統主要包括一具高亮度對比之可程式控制光源投射系統(LCD投影機)、CCD攝影機與鏡頭、四軸量測機台、成像幕、個人電腦及自行撰寫之條紋產生程式及影像擷取與量測程式。在條紋反射法中,利用反射光能量法進行粗糙度量測之校驗與分析,利用三角量測校驗法進行二維輪廓高低差量測校驗與分析,若考慮待測物表面為平面,則可同時量測其粗糙度及二維輪廓高低差。在條紋投射法中,利用四步相位移法得到待測物的相對相位,以及利用格雷式編碼得到待測物的空間編碼,並由兩者間展開出待測物的絕對相位,再根據三角量測法便可取得三維輪廓高度。
經條紋反射法量測系統之粗糙度校驗結果得知,試片的表面粗糙度(μm)和反射條紋平均寬度(Pixel)呈線性關係,我們可藉由計算反射條紋的平均寬度便可計算出試片的粗糙度。利用條紋反射法,粗糙度量測平均誤差為Rmax 0.23 μm。經二維輪廓高低差校驗結果得知,試片表面二維輪廓高低變化量與反射條紋中心高低變化量間存在一轉換系數的關係,二維輪廓高低差量測平均誤差為0.29 μm。經由條紋投射法量測系統之校驗結果得知,基準面和待測面絕對相位差,與實際輪廓高度間存在一系統參數k的關係,藉由校驗所得之系統參數k值,可得到精確的三維輪廓高度,利用載具量測誤差比對,階段高量測最大誤差為 22 μm,3D曲面量測最大誤差為 65.7μm,斜面量測角度誤差為 0.80°、平面度誤差為 0.0114 mm。
The objective of the study is to develop a surface profile measurement system using a programmable fringe reflection method or a structured fringes projection method on a PC-based 4-axis machine. The developed system mainly consists of a PC-based 4-axis machine, a CCD Camera, a programmable LCD as a fringe projector, a screen on which the reflected fringe would be projected, a set of measurement software, and a PC. The surface roughness and the 2D profile of the flat composite specimens with print-through phenomenon could be measured simultaneously using the fringe reflection method, based on the calibration results. The surface roughness of the flat composite specimens was determined by the calibrated linear equation between the surface roughness Rmax of the test specimens measured with a precision stylus instrument and the average fringe width reflected from the test specimens. The profile error between the maximum peak and valley of the test specimen can be calculated, according to the calibrated factor between profile deviation measured by the stylus instrument and that of the optical measurement system. The mean roughness error was about Rmax 0.23 μm, and the mean profile error was about 0.29 μm. For the structured fringes projection method, the 3D surface profile of the test objects with scattered surface could be measured by the 4-step phase shifting algorithm assisted with the space encoding technique using the Gray codes, based on the calibrations results of the system parameter k. The measuring error of the stepped specimen was about 22 μm, and that of the 3D freeform surface was about 65.7 μm, through a comparison between the measurements of the developed system and the measurements of a CNC coordinate measuring machine. The measuring error of the inclination angle was about 0.80° and the flatness error was about 11 microns for an inclined surface.
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