簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 林祿皓
Lu-Hao Lin
論文名稱: 應用「紮根理論」探討消費者對新產品的價值期望
A Study of Consumer Expectation of New Product Value Based on the Grounded Theory
指導教授: 柯志祥
Chih-Hsiang Ko
口試委員: 陳建雄
Chien-Hsiung Chen
張建成
Chien-Cheng Chang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 設計學院 - 設計系
Department of Design
論文出版年: 2008
畢業學年度: 96
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 123
中文關鍵詞: 紮根理論顧客期望產品價值
外文關鍵詞: grounded theory, consumer expection, product value
相關次數: 點閱:400下載:10
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 在今日全球化趨勢的經濟環境下,高科技產業較著重於技術的領先,進行新產品的開發;相對的,對於顧客的需求及期望的比重,也顯得薄弱。近幾年來,隨著技術、研發人才不斷的出現,相同產業間,彼此的技術差異愈形縮短。除了強調擁有高科技的技術外,企業更必須以積極的態度及創新的精神,對消費者有更深入的瞭解,未來才能持續在業界擁有強勢的競爭力。
    本研究應用紮根理論進行質化的研究,並以深入訪談的方式,對愛好使用蘋果(Apple)桌上型電腦系列產品的消費者進行訪談。訪談結果發現,消費者使用蘋果電腦的時間長短,與其產品的年代及使用背景有相當程度的關係。因此使用者的習慣,也成為是否繼續使用該產品的影響因素。在功能需求上,消費者期望能滿足其認知的功能需求。在作業系統上,受訪者認為與傳統個人電腦(PC)作業系統的差異日益縮短。在視覺介面上,受訪者認為蘋果電腦的作業平台介面,優於其他作業平台的視覺介面。蘋果電腦產品的使用者,心理上有別於一般消費大眾的優越感。受訪者對蘋果品牌的愛好及支持的程度,遠遠超過其他品牌。受訪者在使用蘋果電腦產品時,整體感覺是享樂且愉悅的。


    Nowadays, the hi-tech industry relies heavily on technological advances for new product development rather than customer need and expectation in a globalized economic environment. However, technological difference between companies in the same business sector becomes closer because of the emergence of research and development personnel in recent years. In order to retain strong competitiveness in the business sector, a company needs to emphasize on not only high-tech but also aggressive attitude and innovative spirit towards deep understanding of consumers.
    The grounded theory was used in this research for qualitative study and in-depth interview was used to interview Apple computer lovers. The results indicated that the duration of using an Apple computer was correlated to the era and background of the product. Users’ habits would influence their continuation of using the product. As for functional requirements, consumers expected the satisfaction of recognized functional requirements. As for the operating system, interviewees believed that differences between an Apple computer and a traditional PC were gradually shortened. As for the visual interface, interviewees believed that an Apple computer’s operating platform interface was better than any other operating platforms’. Apple computer lovers felt superior to any other consumers. Interviewees were enjoyed and supportive for Apple more than any other brands. Interviewees felt pleasant and joyful while using Apple products.

    論文摘要 I 英文摘要 II 謝誌 III 圖表索引 VIII 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 研究目的 2 1.3 研究範圍與限制 3 1.4 研究架構與流程 4 第二章 文獻探討 5 2.1 新產品的定義與分類 5 2.1.1 新產品的定義 5 2.1.2 新產品的分類 7 2.1.3 小結 10 2.2 認知價值 11 2.2.1 認知的定義 11 2.2.2 認知價值的定義 12 2.2.3 小結 14 2.3 顧客價值 16 2.3.1 顧客價值的概述及定義 16 2.3.2 小結 20 2.4 顧客期望 21 2.4.1 顧客期望的形成 21 2.4.2 顧客期望與接觸經驗 22 2.4.3 小結 22 2.5 產品價值 23 2.5.1 功利價值 24 2.5.2 快樂價值 24 2.5.3 小結 25 2.6 產品知識 26 2.6.1 產品知識的定義 26 2.6.2 產品知識的衡量指標 27 2.6.3 小結 27 第三章 研究方法 28 3.1 紮根理論 28 3.2 紮根理論資料分析 29 3.2.1 開放編碼 29 3.2.2 主軸編碼 30 3.2.3 選擇編碼 30 3.3 紮根理論執行程序 31 3.3.1 理論抽樣 31 3.3.2 理論飽和 31 3.4 資料蒐集原則 32 3.5 研究抽樣原則 33 3.6 訪談對象的選擇 34 3.7 資料收集方式 35 3.7.1 深度訪談之原理與原則 35 3.7.2 採用訪談之原因 35 3.7.3 訪談實施方式 36 第四章 文本分析 37 4.1 編碼程序 37 4.2 開放編碼 38 4.3 主軸編碼 42 4.3.1 使用動機 46 4.3.2 產品本身的差異性 47 4.3.3 學習 49 4.3.4 使用經驗 49 4.3.5 品牌 50 4.3.6 價格的差異性 50 4.3.7 參考團體 51 4.3.8 服務經驗 51 4.3.9 情感反應 52 4.3.10 購買決策 53 4.3.11 資訊蒐集行為 54 4.3.12 產品的可靠度 54 4.3.13 業者行銷 55 4.4 選擇編碼 56 4.4.1 經驗 57 4.4.2 動機 58 4.4.3 產品品質 59 4.4.4 決策過程 59 4.4.5 影響變數 59 4.4.6 情感反應 59 第五章 結論與建議 60 5.1 研究結論 60 5.2 後續研究建議 62 5.2.1 對企業界之建議 62 5.2.2 對設計師之建議 62 5.2.3 對後續研究之建議 63 參考文獻 65 附錄1:訪談問卷 70 附錄2:訪談逐字稿 72

    (1) 司徒達賢(1995)。台灣中小企業發展的經營策略。第一屆中小企業發展學術研討會論文集,1-21。
    (2) 宋伊可(2002)。消費者對產品外觀價值感認知差異之研究-以行動電話為例。國立台北科技大學創新設計系碩士論文。
    (3) 林俊宏(2001)。消費者特性、新產品屬性及環境變數對創新購買意願之影響。國立成功大學企業管理學系碩士論文。
    (4) 胡幼慧主編(2002)。質性研究:理論、方法及本土女性研究實例。台北:巨流。
    (5) 許士軍(1983)。現代行銷管理。台北:商略。
    (6) 陳向明(2001)。社會科學質的研究。台北市:五南。
    (7) 陳家聲(1993)。商業心理學。台北:東士。
    (8) 張春興(1976)。心理學(上冊)。台北:東華。
    (9) 黃志文(1983)。行銷管理。台北:華泰。
    (10) 黃盈裕(2001)。顧客價值的方法目標鏈結模式之研究-以童裝之消費經驗為例。國立中山大學企管研究所博士論文。
    (11) 黃俊霖(2000)。產品設計、美感價值與消費者反應階層模式間關係之研究。國立高雄第一科技大學行銷與流通管理研究所碩士論文。
    (12) 楊和炳(2003)。科技管理。台北:五南。
    (13) 楊必力、劉水琛(1988)主編。行銷管理辭典。台北:華泰。
    (14) 賴士葆(1990)。研究發展/行銷/製造三部門互動與新產品開發相關之研究。台北:華泰。
    (15) Abelson, R. P. & Prentice, D. A. (1989). Beliefs as possessions: A functional perspective. In A. R. Pratkais, S. J. Breckler & A. G. Greenwald (eds), Attitude structure and function (pp.361-381). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
    (16) Afuah A. (1998). Innovation management: Strategies, implementation and profits. New York: Oxford University Press.
    (17) Alba, L. W. & Hutchinson, J. W. (1987). Dimensions of consumer expertise. Journal of Consumer Research, 13(4), 411-454.
    (18) Batra, R. & Ahtola, O. T. (1991). Measuring hedonic and utilitarian sources of consumer attitudes. Marketing Letters, 2, 159-171.
    (19) Bitner M. J. (1990). Evaluating service encounters: The effects of physical surroundings and employee responses. Journal of Marketing, 54, 69-82.
    (20) Booz, A. J., Allen B. C. & Hamilton, P. J. (1982). New Products Management for The 1980s. New York: Booz, Allen and Hamilton.
    (21) Brucks, M. (1985). The effects of product class knowledge on information search behavior. Journal of Marketing Research, 12, 1-16.
    (22) Buck, R., Chaudhuri, A., Georgson, M. & Kowta, S. (1995). Conceptualizing and operationalizing affect, reason and involvement in persuasion: The ARI Model. In Frank R. Kardes & Mita Sujan (eds.), Advances in consumer research, Vol. 22 (pp.440-447). Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research.
    (23) Chaudhuri, A. & Holbrook, M. B. (2001). The chain of effects from brand trust and brand affect to brand performance: The role of brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing, 65(2), 81-94.
    (24) Crawford, M. & Di Benedetto, A. (2000). New products management. Irwin, CA: McGraw-Hill.
    (25) Cronin, J. J., Jr. & Taylor, S. A. (1992). Measuring service quality: Reexamination and extension. Journal of Marketing, 56, 55-68.
    (26) Dittmar, H. (1992). The social psychology of material possessions: To have is to be. New York: St. Martin’s.
    (27) Dodds, W. B., Monroe, K. B. & Grewal, D. (1991). Effects of price, brand and store information on buyers’ product evaluations. Journal of Marketing Research, 28, 307-319.
    (28) Engel, J. F., Blackwell,. R. D. & Miniard, P. W.(2001)。王志剛、謝文雀譯。消費者行為。台北:華泰。
    (29) Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford. CA: Stanford University Press.
    (30) Fiske, S. T. & Pavelchak, M. A. (1986). Category-based versus piecemeal-based affective responses: Developments in schema-triggered affect. In R. M. Sorrention, & E. T. Higgiins (eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundation of social behavior (pp.168-204). New York: Guildford Press.
    (31) Gardner, M. (1984). The sixth book of mathematical games from scientific American. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
    (32) Gobeli, D. H. & Brown, D. J. (1987). Analyzing product innovation. Research Management, 30, 25-31.
    (33) Hammersley M. (1989). The dilemma of qualitative method: Herbert Blumer and the Chicago tradition. New York: Routledge.
    (34) Hirschman, E. C. (1980), Innovativeness, novelty seeking and consumer creativity. Journal of Consumer Research, 7(3), 283-295.
    (35) Hirschman, E. C. & Holbrook, M. B. (1982). Hedonic consumption: Emerging concepts, methods and propositions. Journal of Marketing, 46, 92-102.
    (36) Holbrook, M. B. (1994). Ethics in consumer research. In C. T. Allen & D. J. Roedder (eds). Advances in Consumer Research, Vol.21 (566-571). Provo, UT: Association for Consumer Research.
    (37) Holbrook. M. B. (1996). Customer value: A framework for analysis and research. Advances in Consumer Research. 23, 138-142.
    (38) Holbrook. M. B. (1999). Consumer value: A Framework for analysis and research. New York: Routledge.
    (39) Johnson, S. C. & Jones, C. (1957). How to organize for new product. Harvard Business Review, 35, 49-62.
    (40) Kanwar, R., Olson, J. C. & Sims, L. S. (1981). Toward conceptualizing and measuring cognitive structures, In K. Monroe (ed.). Advances in consumer research (122-127). Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research.
    (41) Keaveney, S. M. & Hunt, K. A. (1992). Conceptualization and operationalization of retail store image: A case of rival middle-level theories. Academy of Marketing Science Journal, 20(2), 165-176.
    (42) Kotler, P. (1991). Marketing management: Analysis, planning and control. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
    (43) Mano, H. & Oliver, R. L. (1993). Assessing the dimensionality and structure of the consumption experience: Evaluation, feeling, and satisfaction. Journal of Consumer Research, 20, 451-466.
    (44) Marks, L. J. & Olson J. C. (1981). Towards a cognitive structural conceptualization of product familiarity. In K. Monroe (ed.). Advances in consumer research (145-150). Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research.
    (45) McCracken, G. D. (1988). Culture and consumption: New approaches to the symbolic character of consumer goods and activities. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University.
    (46) Monroe, K. B. (1976). The influence of price differences and brand familiarity on brand preferences. Journal of Consumer Research, 3, 42-49.
    (47) Monroe, K. B. (1990). Pricing: Making Profitable Decisions, 2nd ed. Irwin, CA: McGraw-Hill.
    (48) Neuman, W. L.(2000)。朱柔若譯。社會研究方法。台北:揚智。
    (49) Oliver, R. L. & DeSarbo, W. S. (1988). Response determinants in satisfaction judgment. Journal of Consumer Research, 14, 495-507.
    (50) Pandit, M. R., (1996). The creation of theory: A recent application of the grounded theory method. The Qualitative Report, 2(4), 1-14.
    (51) Park, C. W., Feick, L. & Mothersbaugh, D. L. (1992). Consumer knowledge assessment: How product experience and knowledge of brands, attributes and features affects what think we know. Advances In Consumer Research, 19(3), 193-198.
    (52) Park, C. W. & Lessig, V. P. (1981). Familiarity and its impact on consumer decision biases and heuristics. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 223-230.
    (53) Raaij. W. V. & Pruyu, T. H. (1988). Customer control and evaluation of service validity and reliability. Psychology & Marketing, 15, 811-32.
    (54) Rao, A. R. & Monroe, K. B. (1988). The moderating effect of prior knowledge on cue utilization in product evaluations. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(2), 253-264.
    (55) Richins, M. L. (1994). Special possessions and the expression of material values. Journal of Consumer Research, 21, 522-533.
    (56) Robertson, T. (1967). The process of innovation and the diffusion of innovation. Journal of Marketing, 31, 14-19.
    (57) Rochford, L. (1991). Generating and screening new product ideas. Industrial Marketing Management, 20(4), 287-297.
    (58) Rochford, L. & Rudelius, W. (1992). How involving more functional areas within a firm affects the new product process. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 9, 287-299.
    (59) Russo, J. E. & Johnson, E. J. (1980). What do consumers know about familiar products? In J. C. Olson (ed.), Advances in consumer research, Vol. 7 (pp.417-423). Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Consumer Research.
    (60) Sampson, P. (1970). Can consumer create new products? Journal of the Market Research Society, 12(1), 40-52.
    (61) Sarel D. & Marmorstein H., (1998). Managing the delayed service encounter: The role of employee action and customer prior experience. The Journal of Service Marketing, 12(3), 195-208.
    (62) Schmidt, J. B., & Spreng, R. A. (1996). A proposed model of external consumer information search. Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 24, 246-256.
    (63) Sheth, J. N., Newman, B. I. & Gross, B. L. (1991). Why we buy what we buy: A theory of consumption values. Journal of Business Research, 22, 159-171.
    (64) Souder, W. E. (1988). Managing relations between R&D and marketing in new product development projects. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 5, 6-19.
    (65) Staelin, R. (1978). The effects of consumer education on consumer product safety behavior. Journal of Consumer Research, 5(1), 30-40.
    (66) Strahilevitz, M. & Myers, J. G. (1998). Donations to charity as purchase incentives: How well they work may depend on what you are trying to sell. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(4), 434-447.
    (67) Strauss, A. & Corbin, J.(1997)。徐宗國譯。質性研究概論。台北:巨流。
    (68) Trott, P. (1998). Innovation management and new product development. London: Pitman.
    (69) Veryzer, R. W., Jr & Hutchinson J. W. (1998). The influence of unity and prototypicality on aesthetic response to new product designs. Journal of Consumer Research, 24, 374-394.
    (70) Woodruff , R. B. (1997). Customer value: The next source for competitive advantage. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 25(2), 139-153.
    (71) Zaichkowsky, J. L. (1986). Conceptualizing involvement. Journal of Advertising, 15, 4-14.
    (72) Zeithaml, V. A. (1988). Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence. Journal of Marketing, 52, 2-22.
    (73) Zeithaml V. A., Berry L. L., & Parasuraman A. (1993). The nature and determinants of customer expectations of service. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 21, 1-12.

    QR CODE