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研究生: 林俋志
Yi-Jhih LIN
論文名稱: 基於再生能源考量下之經濟調度規劃
The Economic Dispatch Planning Based on Considerations of Renewable Energy
指導教授: 郭明哲
Ming-Tse Kuo
口試委員: 吳進忠
none
郭政謙
none
吳啟瑞
Chi-Jui Wu
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 電資學院 - 電機工程系
Department of Electrical Engineering
論文出版年: 2013
畢業學年度: 101
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 159
中文關鍵詞: 優先順序法機組排程經濟調度粒子群優化演算法風力發電水力發電韋伯分佈
外文關鍵詞: Priority List method, Unit Commitment, Economic Dispatch, Particle Swarm Optimization, Wind power, hydroelectric, Weibull distribution.
相關次數: 點閱:333下載:22
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  • 台灣地理環境為典型的島嶼,風力資源非常豐富且用之不竭,但其他化石能源則必須仰賴向國外進口,台灣的綠色能源既然以風力見長,對於風力的發展必須不斷地進步,此外以成熟的水力發電技術做為火力發電的輔助,以降低系統成本及火力機組負荷為目的。風力發電的風速模擬部分使用了韋伯隨機分佈函數做為風速預測模型,配合風力機組發電資料,將預測的風速轉換為發電量,風力發電具有不可預測性,也無法即時調度,因此對於離峰時段的風力電能將由水力發電輔助,以儲能電池型式將風能儲存,使其能夠於尖峰負載時段排水發電以分擔火力機組負荷;在火力發電方面,本文以優先順序法(PL)計算機組排程(Unit Commitment, UC)並以粒子群優法(PSO)計算機組發電量(Economic dispatch, ED)。本文研究步驟部分,為了驗證所提方法的效率,首先使用IEEE論文中常見的發電機組資料進行計算,接著進行數據比較,最後再套用台灣的火力,風力機組及水力資料進行模擬,演算法平均運算時間約為4.13秒,計算結果比基因演算法優良,本文之演算法能在短時間內得出滿意結果,並且能在台電案例中達到降低火力機組負荷的目的。


    Taiwan is surrounded by the ocean. Therefore the wind blown from the sea is stable and inexhaustible. On the contrary, Taiwan is lack of fossil fuels, which need to be bought from other nations. Since the wind source is an advantage, the wind power must be continuously developed. On the other hand, in order to lower the cost and the load of thermal units, the hydroelectric power can be used as an aid. Wind speed forecast model was built by Weibull distribution and change wind speed into electricity(MW/hr) by taking the wind speed-power graph as a reference. Wind power is so random that people can't dispatch it instantly and therefore, this thesis suggests to transfer wind power into hydroelectric power. During the off peak, wind power will be delivered to pumped-storage hydroelectricity so that it could be released to assist thermal units during the peak. For the thermal power, this thesis uses the priority list method to calculate Unit Commitment problem and then use Particle Swarm Optimization to calculate the power output of each unit. In order to confirm the efficiency and accuracy, firstly, this thesis uses the common data of IEEE units and then compare the results. Finally, the simulation was done by using the model of thermal units, wind turbine and pumped-storage hydroelectricity data. The average calculation time is 4.13 second. The total cost is near optimal and better than GA, and the load of thermal units was lower.

    摘要 I Abstract II 誌謝 III 目錄 IV 圖目錄 IX 表目錄 XII 符號索引 XV 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 研究背景與動機 1 1.2 文獻探討 1 1.3 研究方法 6 1.4 論文架構 9 第二章 風力發電與水力發電 10 2.1 前言 10 2.2 全球風力發展現況 11 2.3 德州風力發電現況 14 2.4 德國風力發電現況 15 2.5 台灣風力發展環境與現況 16 2.5.1 環境 16 2.5.2 成本 16 2.5.3 現況 18 2.6 風力發電機介紹 21 2.6.1 容量與設置地點 21 2.6.2 垂直軸式 21 2.6.3 水平軸式 22 2.6.4 風機數學模型 22 2.7 風場資料 25 2.8 風力預測使用韋伯函數介紹 29 2.8.1 韋伯分佈 29 2.8.2 累積分佈函數 34 2.9 水力發電 35 2.9.1 慣常式水力發電 36 2.9.2 抽蓄式水力發電 37 2.9.3 水力發電數學模型 37 第三章 火力發電介紹 41 3.1 前言 41 3.2 火力機組燃料介紹 41 3.2.1 石油 41 3.2.2 媒 42 3.2.3 天然氣 42 3.3 台灣電力系統介紹 43 3.3.1 沿革 43 3.3.2 輸電、變電與配電系統 44 3.4 備轉容量介紹 45 3.5 備用容量介紹 50 3.6 火力機組數學模型 52 第四章 使用方法介紹 55 4.1 機組排程介紹 55 4.1.1 前言 55 4.1.2 機組排程 55 4.1.3 發電機組的彈性 57 4.2 常用經濟調度最佳化方法介紹 58 4.2.1 前言 58 4.2.2 拉氏乘數法 59 4.2.3 牛頓法 62 4.3 優先順序法介紹 65 4.3.1 前言 65 4.3.2 問題描述 66 4.3.3 處理方法 68 4.4 窮舉法與演算法介紹 74 4.4.1 前言 74 4.4.2 窮舉法介紹 75 4.4.3 改善窮舉法的效率 76 4.4.4 窮舉法用於五部機組 79 4.4.5 粒子群優法介紹 80 4.4.6 慣性權重粒子群優法 83 4.4.7 改良慣性權重粒子群優法 84 4.5 台電機組資料及曲線擬合介紹 86 4.5.1 前言 87 4.5.2 常用名詞解釋 87 4.5.3 最小平方法及曲線擬合 88 第五章 程式說明及流程圖 94 5.1 優先順序法設定 94 5.2 改良慣性權重粒子群優法 96 5.2.1 粒子設定 96 5.2.2 搜尋過程的限制條件 99 5.2.3 參數設定 99 5.2.4 演算法終止條件 101 5.2.5 演算法步驟及流程圖 101 第六章 模擬結果分析 103 6.1 五部機組模擬結果 104 6.2 十部機組模擬結果 109 6.3 風場資料蒐集與模擬結果 115 6.4 台電機組資料蒐集與模擬結果 121 6.4.1 台電機組資料轉換結果 123 6.4.2 一日負載量計算 126 6.4.3 抽蓄式負載 130 6.4.4 日負載扣除風力發電結果 131 6.4.5 模擬步驟、流程圖及結果 134 6.4.6 本章小結 139 第七章 結論與未來展望 140 7.1 結論 140 7.2 未來展望 142 參考文獻 143 附錄A MATLAB TOOL BOX:FMINCON介紹 150 附錄B 水力發電廠之機組及發電量統計 155 附錄C 部分程式碼示意圖 157

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