隨著科技的發展，奈米科技及技術被廣泛的應用於各領域之中，例如能源、環境及醫療領域。其中，以電紡絲技術所製備的奈米纖維更是扮演重要的角色，因其具有比其他奈米結構更大的比表面積、機械性質、具有微孔洞結構及表面可修飾性等。本論文將探討以電紡絲技術製備平均直徑為 77 ± 21至550 ± 50奈米，均勻且平整的親水性及生物可分解之聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 (poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone), PVP)高分子奈米纖維。值得一提的是，奈米纖維的表面結構及纖維直徑可藉由調整電紡絲操作參數，例如高分子濃度、施加電壓及針尖至收集板間距而有所改變。另外，溶劑的選擇於電紡絲至成也扮演重要角色，本論文選用了甲醇、乙醇以及純水其其混和物，例如甲醇與水及乙醇與水的混和物，乙探討不同溶劑對電紡絲奈米纖維的結構及表面型態的影響。
近年來，薑黃素(Curcumin)被應用於生物及醫藥研究上，但因其低水溶性及低生物吸收性所以難以被投入於臨床治療。本論文將以薑黃素為釋放藥物，設計藥物釋放系統，並藉由釋放動力學機制以描述藥物釋放情形，並繪製釋放曲線作為最適化依據以達長效性釋放目的。為使薑黃素成功修飾於 PVP電紡絲纖維上，本論文使用(3-氨基丙基)三乙氧基矽烷 (3-aminaopropyltriethoxysilane, APTES)，以修飾氨官能基於奈米纖維表面，並利用氨官能基於超音波共振中形成薑黃素-PVP及奈米金粒子之共軛物(CUR-PGNPs@NH2-PVP)，其藥物修飾率約為54.2 ± 1.8%。由釋放曲線結果可得到，起初的數小時薑黃素有劇烈釋放的傾向，但隨後薑黃素可持續兩天的穩定釋放。除此之外，釋放環境也影響薑黃素的釋放效率。本論文結果顯示，薑黃素釋放效率pH 5 > pH 6 > pH 7。而藉由Korsmeyer-Peppas釋放模型，可擬合本論文利用CUR-PGNPs@NH2-PVP所達成之兩階段式薑黃素釋放曲線，其結果說明第一階段的釋放機制為non-Fickian 擴散，而第二階段的穩定釋放機制為符合Fickian釋放。然而，為測試此藥物釋放設計對生物體不會造成毒害，因此利用CUR-PGNPs@NH2-PVP於乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)生物相容性測試，以探討薑黃素於不同時間釋放劑量下對於老鼠纖維母細胞(L929)之危害程度。其結果顯示，CUR-PGNPs@NH2-PVP不僅可成功釋放薑黃素於癌症治療，也可以使L-929細胞順利生長。
另外，電紡絲製備的奈米纖維也被應用於表面增強拉曼(Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, SERS)研究之中。本論文將結合電紡絲技術及鍛燒方法將奈米金粒子修飾於PVP奈米電紡絲纖維上。奈米金粒子於電紡絲纖維上的覆蓋率及大小可藉由調整鍛燒溫度而有不同表現。結果顯示於鍛燒溫度500至700°C還原之奈米金粒子，能均勻覆蓋於PVP電紡絲表面，並具有較好的SERS訊號。另一方面，於500°C修飾的奈米金粒子(500/AuNPs-F)，具有較強的SERS 訊號，且對甲基橙及甲基藍的偵測範圍能從數十nM至數百μM。值得一提的是，利用該方法所製備的SERS基材，於單一感測或是雙重系統偵測中具有高的再現性，分別為±10%及±12%。500/AuNPs-F，於真實樣品，溪水及自來水的偵測當中，呈現令人滿意之結果，其spike recovery為92.6及96.6%，且再現性誤差值皆小於15%。

The emergence of nanoscience and nanotechnology has led to a large number of research activity in these exciting and rapidly growing fields with many potential applications, spanning from energy and environmental sustainability to health care. In the last two decades, a large number of nanostructured materials displaying unique properties has been synthesized and studied whereas electrospun nanofibers are of great importance due to their large surface area to volume ratio, excellent mechanical properties, and tunable porosity and surface characteristics. In the present study, a hydrophilic and biodegradable synthetic polymer, poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), was transformed into smooth and bead-free fibers with average diameters ranging from 72  21 and 550  50 nm through electrospinning. The electrospinning parameters including polymer solution concentration, applied voltage, and the tip-to-collector distance were investigated in relation with the morphological structure and average diameter of the PVP fibers being produced. Three different types of solvents (i.e., methanol, ethanol, and water) and their binary mixtures (i.e., methanol/water and ethanol/water) were used to prepare the electrospinning dopes and the effects of the solvent properties on the electrospinnability and morphological structure of the resulting PVP fibers were also studied.

The second part of this dissertation describes the preparation and surface functionalization of PVP fiber mat for controlled drug release application. The use of electrospun fibrous materials as a drug carrier could be promising in the future for a wide range of biomedical applications, such as wound dressings. Curcumin (CUR) has a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities, yet problems of its bioavailability remained a major challenge in preclinical studies. In this regard, the design of the delivery systems with CUR as a model drug featuring dual release process – an initial burst followed by sustained release – to provide the optimal drug pharmacokinetics in the therapeutic region has been actively pursued. The 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-functionalized PVP fibers (NH2-PVP) were employed as a free-standing substrate for immobilization of CUR-PVP-capped gold nanoparticles (CUR-PGNPs) conjugates. The CUR-PGNPs conjugate was synthesized by sonication and the drug entrapment percentage was found to be 54.2  1.8. CUR-PGNPs immobilized on NH2-PVP fibers showed a moderate burst release during the first few hours, followed by a sustained release lasting for 2 days. The drug release was also found pH-dependent (pH 5.0 > 6.0 > 7.4). The two-stage release profiles of CUR-PGNPs@NH2-PVP fibers were fitted well to Korsmeyer-Peppas model, indicating a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism for initial burst release and Fickian diffusion-controlled mechanism for the sustained release. Initial biocompatibility assessments based on the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay and morphological examination by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with L-929 mouse fibroblasts revealed that CUR-PGNPs@NH2-PVP scaffold was capable of supporting cell growth over a culture period of 3 days.

The third part of this dissertation describes the fabrication of electrospun fiber mats decorated with plasmonic nanoparticles for analytical application. In the past few years, the application of the electrospun nanomaterials to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a rapidly evolving field which holds potential for future developments in the generation of portable plasmonic-based detection platforms. In this dissertation, a simple approach to fabricate electrospun PVP mats surface decorated with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by combining electrospinning and calcination processes was presented. AuNPs were synthesized by the citrate reduction method and further immobilized on the fiber mat surface through electrostatic interactions between positively charged aminosilane groups and negatively charged AuNPs. The size and coverage density of AuNPs on the PVP fiber mats could be tuned by varying calcination temperatures. Calcination of AuNPs-decorated PVP mats at 500-700 C resulted in the uniform decoration of high density AuNPs with very narrow gaps on every single fibers, which in turn contribute to strong electromagnetic SERS enhancement. The robust free-standing AuNPs-decorated PVP mat calcined at 500 C (hereafter denoted as 500/AuNPs-F) exhibited high SERS activity toward cationic (methylene blue, MB) and anionic (methyl orange, MO) dyes in single and binary systems with a detection range from tens of nM to a few hundred M. The proposed fiber-based SERS substrate exhibited high reproducibility with the spot-to-spot variation in SERS signal intensities was 10% and 12% for single and binary dye systems, respectively. The determination of MB and MO in spiked river water and tap water with 500/AuNPs-F substrate gave satisfactory results in terms of the percent spike recoveries (ranging from 92.6 to 96.6%) and reproducibility (%RSD values less than 15 for all samples).

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